background : the axillary lymph node stage is one of the single most important determinants in the prognosis of breast cancer patients. the disadvantages of the two previous methods used for evaluating axillary node metastasis, i.e., axillary lymph node dissection and sentinel lymph node biopsy, have directed researchers to investigate new techniques for this purpose. the aim of the current stu...

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the dose distribution and coverage of level Ⅰ-Ⅱ axillary lymph nodes during whole breast tangential field radiotherapy (RT) after breast-conserving surgery in patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: The level Ⅰ-Ⅱ axillary lymph node volumes were retrospectively contoured by a single radiation oncologist based on computed tomography...

conclusions the axillary arch variation is very clinically important, because it may entrap and implicate the neurovascular bundle. also it is important for surgeons during operation, so they need to be aware of possible presence of such variations. case presentation during routine dissection, we encountered an aberrant slip of muscle and fascia expanded from latissimus dorsi to pectoralis majo...

Conclusions: The results suggest that there is a place for creams in the management and delay of radiation-induced skin toxicities; however, research fails to highlight one product which has a demonstrable benefit over others whilst still being cost effective and free from adverse effects. Patients should not be discouraged from washing with water or mild soaps and results suggest that the rest...

OBJECTIVE The goals of this study were 1) to better define the labial microflora and 2) to evaluate whether extended non-menstrual use of panty liners would increase genital carriage of undesirable bacteria and predispose to infection. METHODS Healthy female volunteers (224) were prospectively randomized into panty liner wear groups A (Always((R)) deodorant) and B (Always((R)) non-deodorant) ...

 Proximal humerus fractures are common, but associated injury of the axillary artery is uncommon. The majority of published blunt traumatic axillary artery injuries are associated with anterior glenohumeral dislocation; a few are associated with isolated proximal humerus fractures or fracture-dislocation. Experience within our institution demonstrates that axillary artery injury is often unreco...