Introduction: Brachial plexus block has evolved in procedures for upper limb surgeries when William Halsted performed it for the first time in 1884. Brachial plexus is formed by anterior primary rami of C5 to C8 and T1 nerves which emerge from intervertebral foramina. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare ultrasound-guided perivascular (PV) and perineural (PN) axillary nerve blo...

BACKGROUND The optimal site for local anesthetic placement during ultrasound-guided infraclavicular block remains controversial. METHODS Patients were randomized to receive lidocaine 2% 30 mL as a single injection posterior to the axillary artery (n = 51) or a triple injection ideally adjacent to each brachial plexus cord (n = 49). Pinprick sensory and motor block (3 = no block, 0 = complete ...

Aim. Regional analgesia has been introduced as better analgesic technique compared to using systemic analgesic agents, and it may decrease the adverse effects of them and increase the degree of satisfaction. Several additives have been suggested to enhance analgesic effect of local anesthetic agents such as opioids and steroids. We designed this randomized double-blind controlled study to compa...

BACKGROUND Brachial plexus block is useful for upper extremity surgery, and many techniques are available. The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy of axillary brachial plexus block using an ultrasound technique to the peripheral nerve stimulation technique. METHODS 60 patients scheduled for surgery of the forearm or hand were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 30 per group). For...

BACKGROUND Nerve puncture by the block needle and intraneural injection of local anesthetic are thought to be major risk factors leading to neurologic injury after peripheral nerve blocks. In this study, the author sought to determine the needle-nerve relation and location of the injectate during ultrasound-guided axillary plexus block. METHODS Using ultrasound-guided axillary plexus block (1...

The first brachial plexus block is said to have been performed by William Halsted in 1884 [32], soon after Roller [13] had demonstrated the local anaesthetic properties of cocaine. He injected the drug under direct vision, after exposing the plexus using infiltration anaesthesia. The first percutaneous blocks were performed independently in 1911 by Hirschel [11] and Kulenkampff [14], using the ...