This paper introduces the development of biomimetic underwater microrobots consisting of AVR microcontroller, an infrared ray communication system, and ionic conducting polymer film (ICPF) actuators. We use AVR ATmega16 as the control unit and an infrared ray receiver to provide feedback to the AVR unit. The spiral particle pathway searching approach is developed to search for particles. We als...

Introduction: According to the literature, Central Retinal Arteriolar Equivalent (CRAE), Central Retinal Venular Equivalent (CRVE), and Artemio Venule Ratio (AVR) are three important markers in determining the changes of retinal artery. These markers are employed as an indicator of cardiovascular effects in workers. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in retinal micro vascular responses in...

Powdery mildew fungi are parasites that cause disease on a wide range of important crops. Plant resistance (R) genes, which induce host defences against powdery mildews, encode proteins that recognise avirulence (AVR) molecules from the parasite in a gene-for-gene manner. To gain insight into how virulence evolves in Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei, associations between segregating AVR genes wer...

The aVR is often neglected lead. It is an unipolar lead facing the right superior surface. As all the depolarisations are going away from lead aVR, all waves are negative in aVR (P, QRS, T) in normal sinus rhythm. In dextrocardia, (True and technical) the p is upright in aVR. The lead aVR is a very important lead in localisation of Coronary Artery Disease. In the presence of anterior ST elevati...

This paper presents a method to get the optimal tuning of Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller parameters for an AVR system of a synchronous generator using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The AVR is not initially robust to variations of the power system parameters. Therefore, it was necessary to use PID controller to increase the stability margin and to improve perfor...

OBJECTIVES The first transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in England and Wales was performed in 2007. This study presents the subsequent national activity and outcomes for both TAVI and aortic valve replacement (AVR). METHODS Data for all AVR and TAVI procedures between January 2006 and December 2012 in England and Wales were included. The number of procedures, patient characteristi...

AIMS Conventional aortic valve replacement (AVR), sutureless AVR (su-AVR) and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for severe aortic stenosis (AS) are associated with conduction abnormalities. The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence of left bundle branch block (LBBB) after su-AVR and TAVI, in comparison to conventional AVR. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 501 patient...

The proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is one of the most robust and simplest configuration controllers used for industrial applications. However, its performance purely depends on tuning (KP), (KI) (KD) gains. Therefore, a proper combination these gains primarily required to achieve an optimal PID controllers. conventional methods such as Cohen-Coon (CC) Ziegler–Nichols (ZN) gen...

During infection, pathogens secrete an arsenal of molecules, collectively called effectors, key elements of pathogenesis which modulate innate immunity of the plant and facilitate infection. Some of these effectors can be recognized directly or indirectly by resistance (R) proteins from the plant and are then called avirulence (AVR) proteins. This recognition usually triggers defense responses ...

a 46 year old man had been undergone aortic valve replacement (avr) due to mechanical aortic valve endocarditis two month ago. he was referred to imam khomeini hospital because of dyspnea since two weeks ago. echocardiography showed the false aneurysm, with an area of flow beyond the lumen of the aorta. this patient underwent reoperation, the previously implanted aortic valve was removed, metic...