The seismic reflection characterizations of a thin layer are important for reservoir geophysics. However, discussions on the reflection for a thin layer are usually restricted to precritical angle incidence. In this work, an exact analytical solution is derived to model the reflection amplitude and amplitude variation with offset (AVO) responses of a single thin bed for arbitrary incident angle...

The question whether chemotherapy-induced autophagy is causative to the demise of the cells or a part of the survival mechanism activated during cellular distress is unclear. Others and we have previously demonstrated apoptosis-inducing capacity of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR) in malignant glioma cells. We provide evidences of 4-HPR-induced autophagy at a lower concentration (5 microM)...

avo theory was introduced around 20 years ago. in recent years, this technique was become to a major tool in hydrocarbon sources exploration. by the help of this method with the suitable understanding from underground layers and knowing how to use this technology, quantitative specifications of reservoir can be recognized. avo analysis is a seismic technique that by using of pre-stack data, est...

Abstract Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO) analysis has been successfully applied in the hydrocarbon industry for more than three decades. This effective tool of joint seismic and well-log data processing enables to predict analyze fluid saturated porous geological formations. AVO methodology is based on anomalous behavior pre-stack reflected amplitudes observed from bearing rocks. However, potenti...

Nile Delta which covers approximately 60,000 square kilometers represents the most important gas province in Egypt whereas its fields provide two-thirds of production Egypt. The begins to display hydrocarbon potentiality early 1960s. Nidoco field is located shallow water offshore delta. Abu Madi formation (Messinian age) through all section where it main producing reservoirs Field. coming from ...

Several AVO cross plot methods were compared using well data from 5 exploration drilled in deep water block in Krishna-Godavari basin. This study shows that AVO Impedance vs. Acoustic Impedance cross plot provides the best separation between gas bearing sands, water bearing sands and shale/clay. AVO Impedance (AVOI) attribute derived by normalizing the Acoustic Impedance (AI) and Elastic Impeda...

The variation in seismic P to P reflection amplitude with offset (AVO) caused by a system of fractures embedded in an isotropic background is investigated. Additionally. a sensitivity analysis of AVO parameters with respect to the fracture system parameters is made. The fracture system is assumed to be aligned vertically or horizontally and can be gas filled or fluid filled. Elastic constants a...