We analyze the problem of controlling parameter-dependent systems. We introduce the notion of averaged control according to which the quantity of interest is the average of the states with respect to the parameter. First we consider the problem of controllability for linear finite-dimensional systems and show that a necessary and sufficient condition for averaged controllability is an averaged ...

The theoretical and experimental rational of atrial signal-averaged ECG in patients with AF is delay in the intra-atrial and interatrial conduction. Similar to the ventricular signal-averaged ECG, the atrial signal-averaged ECG is an averaging of a high number of consecutive P waves that match the template created earlier P wave triggering is preferred over QRS triggering because of more accura...

density-functional-based and ab initio calculations were implemented at different computational levels to estimate the binding energy of zn2+ ion adsorbed on the available sites of a silicate mel-type adsorbent. b3lyp and mp2 were used in combination with the 6-31g*, 6-31+g*, lanl2dz, 6-311+g*, and def2-tzvp basis sets. the zinc cation was found to preferentially occupy the 6mr sites followed b...

Changes in contractility and the levels of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphoric acid (cAMP) were assessed in isolated cat cardiac muscle in response to soluble isoproterenol and isoproterenol immobilized on glass beads. Drug-induced positive inotropic responses were compared to the maximum isometric force achieved with paired electrical stimulation, a potent physiological inotropic stimulus. I...

OBJECTIVE To assess the reproducibility of time and frequency domain variables derived from the signal averaged P wave. DESIGN Longitudinal within patient study. SETTING Regional cardiothoracic centre. PATIENTS 20 patients (10 with documented paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and 10 normal controls) were studied on three occasions to assess the reproducibility of repeated signal averaged P w...