PURPOSE To assess the prevalence of refractive error and visual impairment in school-age children in Gombak District, a suburban area near Kuala Lumpur city. DESIGN Population-based, cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS Four thousand six hundred thirty-four children 7 to 15 years of age living in 3004 households. METHODS Random selection of geographically defined clusters was used to iden...

BACKGROUND The VX120 (Visionix Luneau, France) is a novel multi-diagnostic platform that combines Hartmann-Shack based autorefraction, Placido-disk based corneal-topography and anterior segment measurements made with a stationary-Scheimpflug camera. We investigate the agreement between different parameters measured by the VX120 with accepted or gold-standard techniques to test if they are inter...

The vision-screening program for 3.5-year-old children in Japan consists of 3 steps:questionnaires and home visual acuity testing, visual acuity testing by nurses and inspection by medical officers at regional Public Health Centers, and examinations by ophthalmologists. In this study, we tested refraction with a hand-held autorefractometer in addition to visual acuity testing and inspection to ...

AIM To evaluate the accuracy of spherical equivalent (SE) estimates of a double-pass system and to compare it with retinoscopy, subjective refraction and a table-mounted autorefractor. METHODS Non-cycloplegic refraction was performed on 125 eyes of 65 healthy adults (age 23.5±3.0 years) from October 2010 to January 2011 using retinoscopy, subjective refraction, autorefraction (Auto kerato-ref...

PURPOSE To assess the prevalence of refractive error and visual impairment in private school children in Ghana. METHODS A random selection of geographically defined classes in clusters was used to identify a sample of school children aged 12 to 15 years in the Ashanti Region. Children in 60 clusters were enumerated and examined in classrooms. The examination included visual acuity, retinoscop...

METHODS. Participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were assessed by noncycloplegic autorefraction at ages 7, 10, 11, 12, and 15 years, and classified as myopic ( -1 diopters) or as emmetropic/ hyperopic (‡-0.25 diopters) at each visit (N 1⁄4 4,837–7,747). Physical activity at age 11 years was measured objectively using an accelerometer, worn for 1 week. Time s...