Independent gear-shifting actuation systems, which are based on linear electromagnetic actuators (LEMAs), have tremendous potential to minimize the shifting duration of automated mechanical transmission (AMT). A velocity estimator based on the measurements of current is designed to achieve sensorless control of the actuator by using only electrical subsystem, thus avoiding the use of a complete...

Transmission of mechanical stimuli through the actin cytoskeleton has been proposed as a mechanism for rapid long-distance mechanotransduction in cells; however, a quantitative understanding of the dynamics of this transmission and the physical factors governing it remains lacking. Two key features of the actin cytoskeleton are its viscoelastic nature and the presence of prestress due to actomy...

BACKGROUND Lumbar disc prolapse, protrusion, and extrusion are the most common causes of nerve root pain and surgical interventions, and yet they account for less than 5% of all low back problems. The typical rationale for traditional surgery is that it is an effort to provide more rapid relief of pain and disability. It should be noted that the majority of patients do recover with conservative...

This note presents purely mechanical proofs of the Levi commutator problem in group theory. The problem was solved first by using the theorem prover EQP, developed by William McCune at the Argonne National Laboratory. The fastest proof was found by using Peers-mcd, the Clause-Diffusion parallelization of EQP, developed by the author at the University of Iowa. 1 The Levi commutator problem The L...

Wu’s method on mechanical theorem proving in geometries is a well-known method. Ordering of geometric constructions is one of the most important and difficult problems when applying this method. In this paper we proposed a systematic mechanical ordering method based on geometric considerations. This method has been tested by about one hundred theorems in plane geometry.

We address the general problem of automatically proving safety properties of reactive systems within the Unity model. We take up a relational and set-based approach, and deene some techniques to represent instructions and properties, allowing us to deal with arrays and quantiication. An integration of these techniques into the Omega calculator, which we make use of with a signiicant example, no...