ae is a serious medical condition in which the immune system attacks the brain, impairing function. with rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment, many patients recover most or all functions. however, not all patients experience full recovery; with approximately 6% mortality and other patients who never regain significant brain and/or bodily functions. autoimmune encephalitis can produce a wid...

Objective Autoimmune encephalitis, is a clinically challenging entity with varied neurological presentations. As autoimmune serology negative in over 50% cases, our objective was to prioritise the use of electroencephalography supported by MRI Brain or PET–CT imaging make definitive diagnosis encephalitis. Background encephalitis consequence an antibody mediated neuronal damage caused cell surf...

Encephalitis may be defined as “An acute inflammatory global neurologic dysfunction”, characterized by altered mental status with protracted clinical course and high risk of significant morbidity. Timely therapeutic intervention is paramount to insure a good outcome”. The most common endemic infectious encephalitis in immune-competent hosts involves several types of herpes virus infections, fre...

Autoimmune encephalitis is a relatively new category of immune-mediated disease involving the central nervous system that demonstrates a widely variable spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from the relatively mild or insidious onset of cognitive impairment to more complex forms of encephalopathy with refractory seizure. Due to its diverse clinical features, which can mimic a variety of ...

Anti-LGI1-associated autoimmune encephalitis is a limbic system pathology characterized by persistent seizures, cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms treated with immunomodulators depending on the etiology.

Autoimmune encephalitis is a group of encephalitis syndromes that cause altered mentality, memory decline, or seizures in association with the presence of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) autoantibodies (auto-Abs). An early diagnosis enables early treatments. The detection of auto-Abs is a confirmatory diagnosis. Tissue-based assay, cell-based immunoassay, and immunoblotting are used to dete...

Autoimmune encephalitis related to antibodies against neuronal cell surface and synaptic proteins is a new category of disorders in which the targets are well-known proteins and receptors involved in synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability. GABAA receptor is one of the latest identified antigens within this category. Hightiter serum and CSF GABAA receptor antibodies were recently report...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review describes the main types of autoimmune encephalitis with special emphasis on those associated with antibodies against neuronal cell surface or synaptic proteins, and the differential diagnosis with infectious encephalitis. RECENT FINDINGS There is a continuous expansion of the number of cell surface or synaptic proteins that are targets of autoimmunity. The most ...