I model two types of goods: a continuum of differentiated civilian industries, whose products are demanded by consumers, and a differentiated military sector, whose goods are demanded by the government exclusively. There is a large country and a small country. Each has one factor of production: labor. The large country has a mass L > 1 of workers, each supplying one unit of labor inelastically ...

The post-Cold War trend of convergence between military and nonmilitary tasks has accelerated over the past six years as western nations seek to defeat the insurgencies in Afghanistan and Iraq. One result of this convergence is an increased role for military forces in the conduct of humanitarian missions previously viewed as the sole preserve of nongovernmental organizations. This transition is...

S THE United States military looks to the future, two themes dominate most projections. The first is ad ­ vanced technology. Underwritten by A the microchip, the technologies of war are changing rapidly. Weapons with microprecision accuracy, supercomputers linked by unlimited bandwidth, platforms providing continuous sur ­ veillance of practically any spot on the digitally mapped earth—all are ...

1. introduction tarikh-e baihaqi has been most often read as a seminal work of literature; by virtue of this fact, a great deal of its merits has been eclipsed. in this very research, the extent of demonstrating the prominence of war and military related issues will go under a close scrutiny. the prime assertion of this research states that tarikhe-e beihaqi presents a panoramic view of war and...

During the Cold War, dozens of military governments existed in South America. Some lasted only days or weeks, while others years and even decades. The human rights abuses carried out by these have been well analysed, like Argentina’s Dirty War. However, an interesting fact about this period tends to be ignored: inter-state warfare between American states, during governments, was very scarce. Fa...

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expresse...

We normally take it for granted that each government has a particular territory and that each territory belongs to a particular government. Yet this identification of government with territory need not be the case. In important instances, it does not hold. Multiple Governments Associated with the Same Territory. In the classic case, several governments claim the same territory. Sometimes the bo...

prevalence of contagious diseases through foreign passengers and crews is one the serious problems in big ports. in the late qajar period, bushehr port became an important port because of military, political and economical reasons. in this time, some diseases such as plague and cholera prevailed in some iran’s neighbor countries like india and iraq and spread in bushehr by passengers and crews....