Reconstructions of GaN(0001) and (000 ) surfaces are studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, by electron diffraction, by auger electron spectroscopy, and using first-principles theory. Attention is focused on Ga-rich reconstructions for each surface, which are found to have metallic character involving significant overlap between Ga valence electrons. The electron counting ru...

Reconstructions of GaN~0001! and ~0001̄! surfaces are studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, by electron diffraction, by Auger electron spectroscopy, and using first-principles theory. Attention is focused on Ga-rich reconstructions for each surface, which are found to have a metallic character involving significant overlap between Ga valence electrons. The electron counting ...

The present study investigated the role of alloy microstructure and surface roughness on wear and friction behavior of leaded and unleaded tin bronzes. Ball-on-disk experiments were carried out under dry conditions with steel balls sliding against bronze disks. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive electron microscopy (EDX), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger elect...

The Auger-emission process from solids can be very complex, with a variety of processes producing intensity in the final spectra. The L2,3-M 4,5M 4,5 (L2,3-MM ) Auger spectra of the 3d transition metals, in particular, show many complicating effects. Auger photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy ~APECS! is a technique that can be used to elucidate the source of this complexity. In the APECS expe...

Ordered binary oxide films of vanadium oxide have been prepared on an aluminum oxide film supported on Mo~110! under ultrahigh vacuum conditions and characterized by various surface analytical techniques. Auger electron spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction, high-resolution electron loss spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ion scattering spectroscopy indicate that the van...

Ordered titanium oxide films were prepared on an Mo(110) substrate under ultrahigh vacuum conditions and characterized by various vacuum surface analytical techniques. Using different preparation methods, the titanium oxide films exhibit two low-energy electron diffraction patterns: a (1×1) rectangular pattern and a (1×1) hexagonal pattern. Auger electron spectroscopy, high-resolution electron ...

The potentiodynamic behaviour of copper in brine solutions was studies. Auger and photo-electron spectroscopy were used together with electrochemical methods. It is demostrated that the passivation observed in potentiodynamic curves is due to a surface film formation on a copper electrode. It is concluded that this film must be copper (I) chloride in nature. Effect of different factors on poten...

Electronic and structural properties of ultrathin MgO layers grown on epi-taxial Fe(110) films were investigated at room temperature by means of spin-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger-electron spectroscopy, and low energy electron diffraction. The spin polarization at the Fermi level of the Fe(110) film decreases abruptly with increasing thickness of MgO layer up to 7 ˚ A. This behavio...