BACKGROUND Sunlight exposure and fair skin are major determinants of human vitamin D production, but they are also risk factors for cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM). There is epidemiological evidence that all-cause mortality is related to low vitamin D levels. METHODS We assessed the avoidance of sun exposure as a risk factor for all-cause mortality for 29 518 Swedish women in a prospective ...

Background: It is introduced that unintentional childhood poisoning can be as result of child home environment and characteristics of parents. This study aimed at quantifying the adjusted population attributable risk percentage of risk factor of unintentional childhood poisoning.  Materials and Methods: The hospital based case- control included 140 consecutive poisoned children who admitted to ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) in children with and without asthma. STUDY DESIGN This study was designed as a population-based case-control study. We examined all children (aged <18 years) with possible HZ in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between 1996 and 2001 (n = 306; identified by International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision codes and predetermined criteria...

Diabetes is a well-established cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. The burden of death attributable to diabetes in the United States is not well quantified, particularly with regard to age. The authors analyzed data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) (1976-1980) and the NHANES II Mortality Study, in which a nationally represen...

BACKGROUND Various methodologic approaches have been used to estimate the role of risk factors in explaining the social gradient in coronary heart disease (CHD). Our objective was to examine whether there is a discrepancy in results obtained using the relative and absolute approaches. METHODS Data are from the Whitehall II prospective cohort study on 5363 men who were 40- to 62-year-old at th...

Background We investigated the relationship between receptivity to electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) advertisements at baseline and e-cigarette use at follow-up among adult baseline non-users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Methods A nationally representative online panel was used to survey non-users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes (n = 2191) at baseline and 5-month follow-up. At baseline, re...

In 1961, blood pressure was measured in the 40-69-year-old segment of the population of Evans County, Georgia. Mortality was monitored for up to ten years. The relationship found between hypertension and mortality is characterized in this report by four parameters: attributable risk, prevalence, population attributable risk, and population attributable fraction. Attributable risk of death, a me...

We designed this study to explore to what extent the excess risk of cardiovascular events in diabetic individuals is attributable to hypertension. We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data from the Framingham original and offspring cohorts. Of the 1145 Framingham subjects newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who did not have a previous history of cardiovascular events, 663 (58%...