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− This paper presents the development of integrated near-end acoustic echo and noise reduction algorithm. The modified frequency-sampling filter (FSF) provides an effective filterbank for splitting signal into equally spaced frequency channels. The center clipper and attenuator are employed at each frequency bin for attenuating near-end acoustic echo and noise. The adaptive clipping threshold a...

The present invention provides functional nucleic acid probes, and methods of using functional nucleic acid probes, for binding a target to carry out a desired function. The probes have at least one functional nucleic acid, at least one regulating nucleic acid, and at least one attenuator. The functional nucleic acid is maintained in an inactive state by the attenuator and activated by the regu...

A variable optical attenuator with a compound latch is described. The attenuator and fibre mounts are fabricated in bonded silicon-on-insulator, using microelectromechanical systems technology. The latch has two stages. Each can be continuously adjusted or fixed into position using a rack and tooth driven by electrothermal actuators. The second stage has a mechanical advantage of 10, giving a t...

Alterations in the erm(A) regulatory region of six clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and one of Staphylococcus haemolyticus displaying a constitutive resistance phenotype were investigated. Anovel deletion of 10 bp with respect to the corresponding sequence of Tn554 was identified in the attenuator of a constitutively expressed erm(A) gene of one of the S. epidermidis isolates. Th...