We compared the vagal contribution to gastric emptying in lean and obese subjects by monitoring gastric emptying of a meal during muscarinic blockade. Lean ( n = 6) and obese subjects ( n = 6) underwent two treatments: 1) saline infusion and 2) atropine infusion [0.4 mg/m2 bolus, 0.4 mg ⋅ (m2)-1 ⋅ h-1] for 2 h, initiated 30 min before ingestion of a 600-kcal breakfast (64% carbohydrate, 23% fat...

THAMES, MARC D., AND HERMES *4. KONTOS. Mechanisms of horeceptor-induced changes in heart rate. Am. J. Physiol. 2 18( I> : 25 l256. 1970.-The changes in heart rate in response to nitroglycerin-induced hypotension or phenylephrine-induced hypertension were studied in 8 dogs unanesthetized, anesthetized with chloralose and urethan, or with chloralose and morphine before and after beta-adrenergic ...

The crude extract of Carthamus oxycantha (Co.Cr) was studied in vitro for its possible spasmogenic and spasmolytic activities. Segments of isolated rabbit jejunum 2-3 cm long were mounted in Tyrode’s solution and aerated with 95% oxygen in carbon dioxide. Isotonic responses were measured on Bioscience oscillograph. Isotonic responses were measured on Bioscience oscillograph. Co.Cr caused dose-d...

BACKGROUND Atropine, an anticholinergic agent with central and peripheral actions, reduces gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) in normal subjects and patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) by inhibiting the frequency of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation (TLOSR). AIMS To compare the effect of methscopolamine bromide (MSB), a peripherally acting anticholinergic agent,...

The steady state effects of intravenous norepinephrine (NE), 0.2 fig/kg per min, isoproterenoL 0.02 pg/kg per min, and dopamine, 10 pg/kg per min, on measurements of arterial and left ventricular (LV) pressures, dP/dt, LV diameter, and velocity of shortening were compared before and after muscarinic blockade with atropine sulfate or methyl atropine bromide (0.1 mg/kg). In intact conscious dogs,...

This study was designed to assess autonomic effects on the QT interval during recovery from exercise. Exercise is associated with an acute increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Evidence of impaired parasympathetic activity, such as low heart rate variability and heart rate recovery, and an increased QT interval are also associated with increased mortality. However, there is no clear pathophys...

Objective: Cholinergic vasodilation has been thought to play little if any role in the regulation of blood pressure in humans. Autonomic denervation potentiates the vasoconstriction evoked by nitric oxide synthase inhibition in humans, but the mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that this may be related to loss of neuronal, non-nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilation. Methods: To test this hypoth...

BACKGROUND Analysis of spontaneous fluctuations in systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and pulse interval (PI) reveals the occurrence of sequences of consecutive beats characterized by SAP and PI changing in the same (+PI/+SAP and -PI/-SAP) or opposite (-PI/+SAP and +PI/-SAP) direction. Although the former reflects baroreflex regulatory mechanisms, the physiological meaning of -PI/+SAP and +PI/-SA...

OBJECTIVE Cholinergic vasodilation has been thought to play little if any role in the regulation of blood pressure in humans. Autonomic denervation potentiates the vasoconstriction evoked by nitric oxide synthase inhibition in humans, but the mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that this may be related to loss of neuronal, non-nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilation. METHODS To test this hypoth...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pharmacological blockade showed sympathetic origin of 0.03 to 0.15 Hz blood pressure (BP) oscillations and parasympathetic origin of 0.15 to 0.5 Hz RR-interval (RRI) oscillations, but has not been used to determine origin of cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) oscillations at these frequencies. This study evaluated by pharmacological blockade whether 0.1 Hz CBFV oscillati...