The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is a intelligence (SI) used to solve problems. Owing its advantages in simplicity, using only few parameters, PSO has become one of the most popular algorithms. However, single structure leads challenges finding appropriate optima, resulting low convergence accuracy. To defects PSO, it necessary increase diversity populations involved as well enha...

Background: Biological effects of extra-low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MFs) have lacked a credible mechanism of interaction between MFs and living material. Objectives: To examine the effect of ELF-MFs on cancer cells. Methods: Five cancer cell lines were exposed to ELF-MFs within the range of 0.025-5 microTesla, and the cells were examined for karyotype changes after 6 days. Results: All...

The kinetics of formation of the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) for alpha-elastin was studied by dark field microscopy in an on-chip linear temperature gradient. Scattering intensities of protein solutions were recorded as a function of temperature and time, simultaneously at several concentrations. It was found that the formation rate of the ATPS could be fit as a first-order process and that...

This article provides an analysis on published models used to calculate phase separation in aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) based Flory-Huggins (FH) theory, terms of problem formulation and mathematical solving algorithm. An integrated algorithm is presented, showing different approaches using the FH theory. The involves estimation interchange energy, calculation compositions. Based experiment...

Aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE), unique liquid-liquid extraction, involves a transfer of solute from one aqueous phase to another. ATPE includes polymer–polymer type and polymer–salt type systems for the recovery of proteins. The protein must be recovered in a highly purified form in order to improve its quality, decrease energy consumption, reduce waste and minimize costs. To acquire the h...

The purification of thermo-acidic amylase enzyme from red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel for the first time was investigated using a novel aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) consisting of a thermo-separating copolymer and an organic solvent. The effectiveness of different parameters such as molecular weight of the thermo-separating ethylene oxide-propylene oxide (EOPO) copolymer and type and ...

The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene has been universally and successfully utilized as a barcoding gene, mainly because it can be amplified easily, applied across a wide range of taxa, and results can be obtained cheaply and quickly. However, in rare cases, the gene can fail to distinguish between species, particularly when exposed to highly sensitive methods of data an...

In this work, a two-step extraction methodology of ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction (IL-UAE) and ionic liquid-based aqueous two-phase system (IL-ATPS) was developed for the extraction and purification of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) from flaxseed. In the IL-UAE step, several kinds of ILs were investigated as the extractants, to identify the IL that affords the optimum...

Partition behavior of adenosine and guanine mononucleotides was examined in aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol (PEG) and PEG-sodium sulfate two-phase systems. The partition coefficients for each series of mononucleotides were analyzed as a functions of the number of phosphate groups and found to be dependent on the nature of nucleic base and on the type of ATPS utilized. It was concluded that ...

BACKGROUND Too many different protein and enzyme purification techniques have been reported, especially, chromatographic techniques. Apart from low recovery, these multi-step methods are complicated, time consuming, high operating cost. So, alternative beneficially methods are still required. Since, the outstanding advantages of aqueous two phase system (ATPS) such as simple, low cost, high rec...