This article provides an introduction to the normative approach to inequality measurement. Multivariate generalizations of the procedures used to construct univariate inequality indices from social evaluation orderings are described. Axiomatizations of multivariate Atkinson, Kolm– Pollak, and generalized Gini indices are discussed. Maasoumi’s [Econometrica (1986)] two-stage procedure for constr...

BACKGROUND The geographical distribution of general practitioners (GPs) is a persistent policy concern within the National Health Service. Maldistribution across family health service authorities in England and Wales fell between 1974 and the mid-1980s but then remained, at best, constant until the mid-1990s. AIM To estimate levels of maldistribution over the period 1994-2003 and to examine t...

The Gini index is one of the most used indicators of social and economic inequality. In this paper we characterize the Gini index as the unique function that satis…es the properties of scale independence, symmetry, standardization and separability. Furthermore, we propose a simpler way to compute it. Keywords: Gini index; income inequality; axiomatization. JEL Classi…cation: D31, D63, I31. 1 In...

UNLABELLED ᅟ: There are many existing methodologies on measuring health equity, while seldom has method aiming at health resource allocation. We collected 6 method of measuring equity in health resource allocation. This paper presents key contents of methods on measuring horizontal equity in health service allocation, yet each method has its advantages and disadvantages as well as range of appl...

Background and purpose: Utilization of health care services and food influence the health status. The food and health care expenditure ratios determine the importance level of them in household's consumption expenditures. We aimed to investigate the Iranian rural and urban food and health expenditure ratios inequality during 1998 to 2012. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive longitudina...

Resenha do livro Alpha City: How the Super-Rich Captured London de Rowland Atkinson.

Although various investigations of Atkinson cycle have been carried out, distinct output power and thermal efficiencies of the engine have been achieved. In this regard, thermal efficiency, Ecological Coefficient of Performance (ECOP), and Ecological function (ECF) are optimized with the help of NSGA-II method and thermodynamic study.  The Pareto optimal frontier ...