BACKGROUND The effect of chronic exercise activity on brown adipose tissue (BAT) is not clear, with some studies showing positive and others showing negative associations. Chronic exercise is associated with increased resting energy expenditure (REE) secondary to increased lean mass and a probable increase in BAT. Many athletes are in a state of relative energy deficit suggested by lower fat ma...

attribution theory is one of the psychological dynamic theories that explainsand describes people's perception of facts. therefore, the aim of this research wasto study success and failure attributions in athletes and coaches. the population ofthis study consisted of athletes and coaches of national teams (elite) and clubteams (sub–elite) in swimming, badminton, karate, taekwondo, table te...

This study aimed to determine an overall prevalence rate for depression symptoms among National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I collegiate athletes while also assessing various risk factors that may increase an athlete’s vulnerability to depression. Using a sample of 950 NCAA Division I athletes, it was found that 33.2% of athletes experienced symptoms of depression, contradic...

This study investigated the prevalence, magnitude, and methods of rap-id weight loss among male and female Taekwondo athletes from all competitive levels. A questionnaire was administered to 72 men (regional/state level, n=31; national/international level, n=41) and 44 women (regional/state level, n=9; national/international, n=35). Among the male athletes, 77.4% of the regional/state level and...

AIMS Spontaneous or inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmias (VA) in endurance athletes frequently originate from the right ventricle (RV), even in the absence of familial arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy (ARVC). The goal of this study was to determine whether the RV arrhythmogenic predilection in these patients is associated with RV functional abnormalities. METHODS AND RESULTS Biplane RV...

BACKGROUND Respiratory epithelium integrity impairment caused by intensive exercise may lead to exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Clara cell protein (CC16) has anti-inflammatory properties and its serum level reflects changes in epithelium integrity and airway inflammation. This study aimed to investigate serum CC16 in elite athletes and to seek associations of CC16 with asthma or allergy, ...

OBJECTIVES Athletes with disabilities are highly skilled. Sports-related injuries and disorders interfere with their efforts. Several aspects of these injuries have been studied in previous studies. The aim of this study was to correlate the types of injuries with the disability group in athletes with physical disabilities. METHODS One hundred and thirty nine elite athletes with physical disa...

BACKGROUND Female athletes have increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament rupture after the onset of puberty. HYPOTHESES Male athletes would demonstrate a longitudinal increase in vertical jump height compared with female athletes. There would be longitudinal gender differences in ground-reaction forces and loading rates. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS Sixteen...

BACKGROUND A valgus lower limb alignment has been noted during noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries. A video drop-jump test can indicate an athlete's ability to control lower limb axial alignment in the coronal plane. HYPOTHESES Female athletes have decreased knee separation distances on landing and acceleration; male athletes have a neutrally aligned lower limb position. A neuromus...

BACKGROUND Ascending aortic dimensions are slightly larger in young competitive athletes compared with sedentary controls, but rarely >40 mm. Whether this finding translates to aortic enlargement in older, former athletes is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS This cross-sectional study involved a sample of 206 former National Football League (NFL) athletes compared with 759 male subjects from the D...