First, the essence of a physical theory for a multilevel system is through coupling different physical laws in different levels by a symmetry-breaking principle, rather than through a unification using larger symmetry. In astrophysical dynamics, the symmetry-breaking mechanism and the coupling are achieved by prescribing the coordinate system so that the laws of fluid dynamics and heat conducti...

background and objectives: pomegranate juice (pj) contains large particles that stick to evaporator walls causing off flavors in the concentrate due to burning. microfiltration is used to clarify pj. fouling is a limiting phenomenon that can prevent the industrialization of membrane clarification. changes in the geometry of the membrane module such as using baffles are useful to decrease this p...

An accurate description of the fluid flow and heat transfer within a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR), for the safety analysis and reactor performance is always desirable. In this paper a mathematical model of the fundamental physical phenomena which are associated to a typical PWR is presented. The mathematical model governs the fluid dynamics in the reactor. Using commercial software CFX, a co...

Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics is a fast, parallel, modular and low-memory method originally developed for astrophysical applications in three dimensions. In recent years, it has been used for 3D biomedical applications as well. It has proved to be useful in the field of biomedical engineering mostly because the geometries used need to be often patient-specific and therefore complex. Complicat...

Turbulence is a crucial component of dynamics of astrophysical fluids dynamics, including those of ISM, clusters of galaxies and circumstellar regions. Doppler shifted spectral lines provide a unique source of information on turbulent velocities. We discuss Velocity-Channel Analysis (VCA) and its offspring Velocity Coordinate Spectrum (VCS) that are based on the analytical description of the sp...

Turbulence is a crucial component of dynamics of astrophysical fluids dynamics, including those of ISM, clusters of galaxies and circumstellar regions. Doppler shifted spectral lines provide a unique source of information on turbulent velocities. We discuss Velocity Coordinate Spectrum (VCS) technique that are based on the analytical description of the spectral line statistics. We stress that a...

in this study, a computational fluid dynamics (cfd) model was developed to evaluate ultraviolet disinfection applesauce reactor. to simulate uv reactors, three sets of equations, including hydrodynamics, radiation and species mass conservation were solved simultaneously. the realizable k-e turbulence model and the discrete ordinate method were used to find the uv radiation profile through the r...