We construct an associative algebra with a decomposition into the direct sum of the underlying vector spaces of another associative algebra and its dual space such that both of them are subalgebras and the natural symmetric bilinear form is invariant or the natural antisymmetric bilinear form is a Connes 2-cocycle. The former is called a double construction of Frobenius algebra and the latter i...

Modulo the ideal generated by the derivative fields, the normal ordered product of holomorphic fields in two-dimensional conformal field theory yields a commutative and associative algebra. The zero mode algebra can be regarded as a deformation of the latter. Alternatively, it can be described as an associative quotient of the algebra given by a modified normal ordered product. We clarify the r...

We prove that a dialgebra (coming from K-theory) can be embedded into an associative conformal algebra (coming from conformal field theory). This shows that these notions are related in the same way as ordinary associative algebras related to Lie algebras. The notion of a dialgebra originally appear in K-theory as an analogue of the universal associative envelope for Leibnitz algebras [L1]. On ...

Minkowski in 1908 used space-like binary velocity-field of a medium, relative to an observer. Hestenes in 1974 introduced, within a Clifford algebra, an axiomatic binary relative velocity as a Minkowski bivector. We propose consider binary relative velocity as a traceless nilpotent endomorphism in an operator algebra. Any concept of a binary axiomatic relative velocity made possible the replace...

Poisson superpair is a pair of Poisson superalgebra structures on a super commutative associative algebra, whose any linear combination is also a Poisson superalgebra structure. In this paper, we first construct certain linear and quadratic Poisson superpairs over a finite-dimensional or semi-finitely-filtered polarized Z2-graded associative algebra. Then we give a construction of certain Hamil...

for all a, x in 21. I t is clear that associative algebras are alternative. The most famous examples of alternative algebras which are not associative are the so-called Cayley-Dickson algebras of order 8 over $. Let S be an algebra of order 2 over % which is either a separable quadratic field over 5 or the direct sum 5 ©3There is one automorphism z—>z of S (over %) which is not the identity aut...

We study partially and totally associative ternary algebras of first and second kind. Assuming the vector space underlying a ternary algebra to be a topological space and a triple product to be continuous mapping we consider the trivial vector bundle over a ternary algebra and show that a triple product induces a structure of binary algebra in each fiber of this vector bundle. We find the suffi...

This is the second of three lectures on introduction to vertex operator algebras. In this lecture, we shall continue Professor Dong’s lecture to present more fundamental properties of vertex operator algebras. From the mathematical point of view, a vertex operator algebra formally resembles a Lie algebra because the Jacobi identity is used as one of the main axioms. For the Lie algebra aspect o...

Non-commutative Poisson algebras are the algebras having an associative algebra structure and a Lie algebra structure together with the Leibniz law. For finite-dimensional ones we show that if they are semisimple as associative algebras then they are standard, on the other hand, if they are semisimple as Lie algebras then their associative products are trivial. We also give the descriptions of ...