In late-successional environments, low in available nutrient such as the forest understory, herbaceous plant individuals depend strongly on their mycorrhizal associates for survival. We tested whether in temperate European forests arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) woody plants might facilitate the establishment of AM herbaceous plants in agreement with the mycorrhizal mediation hypothesis. We used a ...

Oomycetes, such as Phytophthora spp., establish pathogenic interactions with a diversity of plants, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases remain poorly characterized. However, research on Phytophthora pathosystems has accelerated significantly with ongoing advances in microbial and plant genomics and the resulting resources. A variety of functional analyses are being used to as...

The characteristics of plant-mycorrhizae associations are known to vary in both time and space, but the ecological consequences of variation in the dynamics of plant-fungus interactions are poorly understood. For example, do plants associate with single fungi or multiple fungi simultaneously, and do the associations persist through a plant's lifetime or do plants support a succession of differe...

College education has been shown to improve the labor market success of young people. Using data from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, I estimate a wage model and an unemployment model where respondents are grouped according to their degree attainment and college attendance. I find that associate degrees recipients get paid by 21-23 percent more than high school graduates while a...

concessionaire: ayatollah ahmad beheshti managing editor: mohsen izadi editor in chif: saeid beheshti executive manager: mahdi behshti     editorial board editorial board hasan ebrahimi: assistant professor, tehran university. saeid behshti: associate professor, allameh tabatabaei university. mansoor pahlavan: professor, tehran university. mohammad zabihi: associate professor qom university. ab...

concessionaire: ayatollah ahmad beheshti managing editor: mohsen izadi editor in chif: saeid beheshti executive manager: mahdi behshti   editorial board hasan ebrahimi: assistant professor, tehran university. saeid behshti: associate professor, allameh tabatabaei university. mansoor pahlavan: professor, tehran university. mohammad zabihi: associate professor qom university. abdolmajid talebtash...