Atlanto-occipital assimilation is one of the most common osseous anomalies observed at the craniocervical junction. Most patients with atlas assimilation show no symptom, but some have neurological problems such as myelopathy that may require surgical treatment. Occipitocervical fusion may be required if atlato-occipital assimilation is accompanied by occipito-axial instability. However, in cas...

In this paper a LVCSR system with implementation of the Czech voice assimilation phenomenon is proposed. The recognition system uses lexical trees and a bigram language model. The first part of this article is focused on voice assimilation phenomenon description, triphone lexical tree construction, and voice assimilation impact on LVCSR system performance. The second part outlines lexical tree ...

Under high light, the rates of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation can be influenced by reductant consumed by both foliar nitrate assimilation and mitochondrial alternative electron transport (mAET). Additionally, nitrate assimilation is dependent on reductant and carbon skeletons generated from both the chloroplast and mitochondria. However, it remains unclear how nitrate assimilation and mAET coo...

To evaluate leaf carbon balance during rapid pod-fill in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill), measurements were made of CO(2) assimilation at mid-day and changes in specific leaf weight, starch, and sucrose concentrations over a 9-hour interval. Assimilate export was estimated from CO(2) assimilation and leaf dry matter accumulation. Chamber-grown ;Amsoy 71' and ;Wells' plants were subjected on ...

This study reviews recent progress on soil moisture data assimilation. Data assimilation is a process of merging observations with a system dynamic model to provide an improved estimate of the states of the environment. The application of data assimilation in hydrology is relatively new, however, rapid progress has been made in the last decade or so with the available remotely sensed soil moist...

Predicting the quality of water and air is a particular challenge for forecasting systems that support them. In order to represent the small-scale phenomena, a high-resolution model needs accurate capture of air and sea circulations, significant for forecasting environmental pollution. Data assimilation is one of the state of the art methods to be used for this purpose. Due to the importance of...

Immigrant Wage and Employment Assimilation: A Comparison of Methods We compare alternative methods for estimating immigrant wage and employment assimilation using unique panel data over 2001–2009 for a large, nationally-representative sample of immigrants. Previous assimilation estimates have been mainly based on crosssectional data and have therefore suffered from a range of potential biases. ...

Data assimilation using ensemble Kalman filters (EnKF) has led to significant improvements in atmospheric state estimation. The advantages of EnKF over common operational assimilation methods such as three-dimensional variational (3D-VAR) methods and its impressive performance in the assimilation of radar data at convective scales have led to its increasing popularity. While most previous studi...

This paper investigates the slowdown in earnings assimilation of recent immigrants to the U.S. I find that recent immigrant cohorts have experienced slower assimilation in terms of their occupational task requirements compared to past cohorts. This occupational task assimilation slowdown can explain a large portion of the slowdown in earnings assimilation. Furthermore, accounting for changing r...

This paper investigates the dynamics of immigrants’ employment assimilation in comparison with the standard static assimilation model. When the effect of past employment experience on current employment possibilities differs between immigrants and natives, then the static assimilation model might produce biased and unrealistic predictions of the relative employment probabilities of immigrants. ...