this study was conducted to examine the impact of formative and summative assessment in the professional development of iranian efl instructors at universities. moreover, an attempt was made to figure out whether the formative assessment is more effective than the summative assessment. since the present work is qualitative/quantitative research in nature, it was conducted within the ethnography...

objective malnutrition is commonly considered as an important risk factor that can produce a negative influence on the prognosis of patients with chronic neurological diseases. we aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of patients admitted to the neurology ward of mofid children's hospital via subjective and objective methods. materials & methods 61 children (2-6 years of age) who were consec...

alternative assessment approaches received considerable attention soon after a discontent with traditional, one-shot testing. these approaches, however, have been used only to improve learners’ linguistic ability despite communicative models of language which pointed that knowledge of language also involves pragmatic ability (bachman, 1990; bachman & palmer, 1996). the present study tries t...

portfolios as a means of constructivist learning appear to show great promise in enhancing diverse dimensions of learning and promoting learner motivation. this study is an investigation into the effectiveness of portfolio development on the reading comprehension and academic motivation of undergraduate students majoring in english literature in iran. in order to answer the research questions, ...

background: work-related musculoskeletal disorders (wmsds) are a leading cause of disability and workers compensations. objectives: the research was done in tehran pars-electric factory to prevent inducing wmsds. rapid entire body assessment (reba) was carried out to assess musculoskeletal loads on workers due to their postures, repetition, and force. nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (nmq) ...

A functional assessment of hand flapping exhibited by a 5-year-old boy was conducted in a general education classroom. After a descriptive analysis ruled out several potential variables maintaining hand flapping, an experimental analysis was used to test the hypothesis that teacher-delivered task demands were functionally related to hand flapping. Results of the experimental analysis were used ...

A Comprehensive Health Technology Assessment Framework is presented as a conceptual tool for decision-making about health technologies, including information technologies. The aim of the model is to provide an empirical, evidence-based foundation for health technology decisions. The major framework dimensions are (1) population at risk, (2) population impact, (3) economic concerns, (4) social c...

OBJECTIVES The internal evaluation studied the development of the European network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA) Project in achieving the general objective of establishing an effective and a sustainable network of health technology assessment (HTA) in Europe. METHODS The Work Package 3 group was dedicated to this task and performed the work. Information on activities during the ...