OBJECTIVE This review examines the evidence that deep brain stimulation (DBS) has extensive impact on nonmotor symptoms (NMSs) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). DATA SOURCES We retrieved information from the PubMed database up to September, 2015, using various search terms and their combinations including PD, NMSs, DBS, globus pallidus internus (GPi), subthalamic nucleus (STN), and v...

The morphologies and microstructures of neat 1,3:2,4-dibenzylidene-D-sorbitol (DBS) and DBS/ poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) samples have been investigated by polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphology of neat DBS samples prepared from solution had unspecific structures, and no fibrils formed. In comparison, DBS molecules self-assembled into fibrils wi...

Many small molecules can self-assemble by non-covalent interactions into fibrous networks and thereby induce gelation of organic liquids. However, no capability currently exists to predict whether a molecule in a given solvent will form a gel, a low-viscosity solution (sol), or an insoluble precipitate. Gelation has been recognized as a phenomenon that reflects a balance between solubility and ...

BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is regarded as an effective way to treat refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Little is known about the effects of DBS cessation following a longer period of stimulation. OBJECTIVE To determine the relapse and rebound effects of psychiatric symptoms, and their impact on Quality of Life (QoL) following acute cessation of DBS in OCD patients. ...

OBJECTIVES The effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on gait and balance vary and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. DBS location may alter motor benefit due to anatomical heterogeneity in STN. The purposes of this study were to (1) compare the effects of DBS of dorsal (D-STN) versus ventral (V-STN) regions on gait, balance and regional cerebral blood flow (rC...

The use of electrical stimulation to treat pain in human disease dates back to ancient Rome or Greece. Modern deep brain stimulation (DBS) was initially applied for pain treatment in the 1960s, and was later used to treat movement disorders in the 1990s. After recognition of DBS as a therapy for central nervous system (CNS) circuit disorders, DBS use showed drastic increase in terms of adaptabi...

Closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS): DBS has been established as a surgical therapy for movement disorders and select neuropsychiatric disorders. Various efforts to improve the clinical outcomes of the procedure have been previously made. Several factors affect the DBS clinical outcomes such as lead position, programming technique, and surgical complications (Morishita et al., 2010). Curre...

BACKGROUND In Parkinson's disease (PD), cognitive symptoms and mood changes may be even more distressing for the patient than motor symptoms. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine the effects of bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) on working memory (WM) and mood. METHODS Sixteen patients with PD were assessed with STN-DBS switched on (DBS-ON) and with dopaminergic tr...

Our objective was to validate a commercially available ELISA to measure antibody titers against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in dried blood spots (DBS) to replace a previously validated assay for DBS that is no longer available. We evaluated the precision, reliability, and stability of the assay for the measurement of EBV antibodies in matched plasma, fingerprick DBS, and venous blood DBS samples f...

BACKGROUND Development of an alternative sampling method that uses small amounts of whole blood, such as dried blood spots (DBS), would be an advance in the quantitative assay field. Previously, we assessed the ability to quantitate therapeutic monoclonal antibodies present in DBS compared with a typical serum sample-based method, and concluded that measurements in DBS were reproducible and yie...