In studying of the analytical history of Sufism and the formation and transformation of its theoretical foundations, research on the biographies of hermits- mystics of early centuries is an inevitable and necessary issue. One of these great persons is Ahmad Harb Isfahani Neishāboori who has a special status in historical studies of Sufism due to his personal and intellectual characteristics a...

learning a second or foreign language requires the manipulation of four main skills, namely, listening, reading, speaking, and writing which lead to effective communication. it is obvious that vocabulary is an indispensible part of any communication, so without a vocabulary, no meaningful communication can take place and meaningful communication relies heavily on vocabulary. one fundamental fac...

1.0 overview it seems that grammar plays a crucial role in the area of second and foreign language learning and widely has been acknowledged in grammar research. in other words, teaching grammar is an issue which has attracted much attention to itself, and a lot of teachers argue about the existence of grammar in language teaching and learning. this issue will remind us a famous sentence f...

testing plays a vital role in any language teaching program. it allows teachers and stakeholders, including program administrators, parents, admissions officers and prospective employers to be assured that the learners are progressing according to an accepted standard (douglas, 2010). the problems currently facing language testers have both practical and theoretical implications but the first i...

Idris ibn Abdullah, the survivor of the martyr Fakhkh movement, founded a government in Maghrib al-Aqsa (172-375 AD). Historical reports on the essence of the religious nature of the Idrisids are different. The family bond of the founder of this government to the Prophet's family has been considered as a sign of Shi'ite beliefs of the dynasty. The prevalence of Maliki and Mu'tazilite beliefs in...

today, information technology and computers are indispensable tools of any profession and translation technologies have become an indispensable part of translator’s workstation. with the increasing demands for high productivity and speed as well as consistency and with the rise of new demands for translation and localization, it is necessary for translators to be familiar with market demands an...

  Abul walid Muhammad bin Ahmad populary known as ibn rushd is the greatest philosopher of the west world of Islam. He as a great faqih and Muhaddith of the 6th century (A.H) discussed the issue of the conflict of reason and transmission (naql) and in order to bring about a cordial relation among Muslim he treated the issue of tawil (hermeneutical interpretation). The present article is an att...