Whenever physicians give directions to patients there is always a question of their authority to do so: what is it that they know, and who is it that they are, that gives them this authority? The problem is fully general, but it takes especially interesting forms in early modern dietetics, where patients were reckoned to possess much pertinent and reliable knowledge, and where medical dietetics...

Many problems in fluid dynamics have domains with complicated int.ernal or external boundaries of the flow. Here we present a method for calculating time-dependent incompressible inviscid flow using a "Cartesian grid" approach for representing geometry. In this approach, the body is represented as an interface embedded in a regular Cartesian mesh. The basic algorithm is a fractional-step projec...

For various reasons, some of them linked to the evolution historiography Chemistry, many recognized and important chemists in their time – ours, because legacy they left are relegated degree oblivion. One these chemists, dead just over 200 years ago, is Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1743-1817), a key figure transition from phlogiston theory Lavoisier’s new chemistry one creators modern analytical c...

The ideals of the eighteenth century’s Age of Enlightenment are the foundation of modern democracies. The era was characterized by thinkers who promoted progressive social reforms that opposed the long-established aristocracies and monarchies of the time. Prominent examples of such reforms include the establishment of inalienable human rights, selfgoverning republics, and market capitalism. Twe...