Formation pathways for high-molecular-mass compound growth are presented, showing why reactions between aromatic moieties are needed to explain recent experimental findings. These reactions are then analyzed by using quantum mechanical density functional methods. A sequence of chemical reactions between aromatic compounds (e.g., phenyl) and compounds containing conjugated double bonds (e.g., ac...

BACKGROUND New drugs are needed to treat visceral leishmaniasis (VL) because the current therapies are toxic, expensive, and parasite resistance may weaken drug efficacy. We established a novel ex vivo splenic explant culture system from hamsters infected with luciferase-transfected Leishmania donovani to screen chemical compounds for anti-leishmanial activity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS ...

Aromatic compounds are widely distributed in nature. They are found as lignin components, aromatic amino acids, and xenobiotic compounds, among others. Microorganisms, mostly bacteria, degrade an impressive variety of such chemical structures. Various aerobic aromatic catabolic pathways have been reported in bacteria, which typically consist of activation of the aromatic ring through oxygenases...

Increasing wildfire activity in the Alaskan Arctic may result in new sources of black carbon (BC) to arctic watersheds. Black carbon, primarily comprised of condensed aromatics, is one of the most chemically recalcitrant fractions of organic carbon. However, lateral transfer of particulate and dissolved BC from soils to sunlit surface waters is increasingly suggested to result in the photochemi...

A comprehensive product study, performed via the turbulent flow chemical ionization mass spectrometry (TF-CIMS) technique, of the primary OH-initiated oxidation of many of the atmospherically abundant aromatic compounds was performed. The bicyclic peroxy radical intermediate, a key proposed intermediate species in the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) for the atmospheric oxidation of aromatics, w...

The present work deals with a mechanistic model of visbreaking (VB) process. It allows satisfactory predictions of feed and products, amounts and properties overcoming the typical limitations of the empirical models (for instance, in terms of flexibility, extrapolability and so on). The mechanistic VB modeling was initially performed by taking into account just two macro-classes of pseudo-compo...

physical and chemical properties of  crude oil, including viscosity and api gravity, are commonly inherited  from the  early organic matter, environmental conditions in which they were deposited and depth of burial of the source beds. api gravity increases in deeper burial due to higher thermal maturation of organic matter in the source rocks and consequently, generation of lighter saturated hy...

Application of aromatic compounds has dramatically increased as raw materials in various industries and different factories have been established to produce aromatic compounds. The current research aims at characterizing industrial waste generation in aromatics production process in petrochemical industries and determining the best feasible alternative for waste disposal. For this purpose, the ...

Some strains of soil and marine bacteria have evolved intricate metabolic pathways for using environmentally derived aromatics as a carbon source. Many of these metabolic pathways go through intermediates such as vanillate, 3-O-methylgallate, and syringate. Demethylation of these compounds is essential for downstream aryl modification, ring opening, and subsequent assimilation of these compound...

The source profile of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is essential for establishing reactivity- and toxicity-based emission inventories developing effective air pollution control strategies. In this paper, the establishment VOC profiles characteristics are reviewed in petrochemical, solvent use, chemical industries, most up-to-date three industries China compiled via necessary adjustment reco...