Conservation biologists mostly agree on the need to identify and protect biodiversity below the species level but have not yet resolved the best approach. We addressed 2 issues relevant to this debate. First, we distinguished between the abstract goal of preserving the maximum amount of unique biodiversity and the pragmatic goal of minimizing the loss of ecological goods and services given that...

We prove that among all triangles of given diameter, the equilateral triangle minimizes the sum of the first n eigenvalues of the Neumann Laplacian, when n 3 . The result fails for n = 2 , because the second eigenvalue is known to be minimal for the degenerate acute isosceles triangle (rather than for the equilateral) while the first eigenvalue is 0 for every triangle. We show the third eigenva...

Whether visual working memory (WM) consists of a common storage resource or of multiple subsystems has been a controversial issue. Logie (1995) suggested that it can be divided into visual (for color, shape, objects, etc.) and spatial WM (for location). However, a recent study reported evidence against this hypothesis. Using a dual task paradigm, Wood (2011) showed interference between shape an...

UNLABELLED Past studies on the maximum phonation time (MPT) in children have shown different results in duration. This factor may reflect the neuromuscular and aerodynamic control of phonation in patients; such control might be used as an indicator of other evaluation methods on a qualitative and quantitative basis. AIM To verify measures of MPT and voice acoustic characteristics in 23 childr...