urban expansion and agriculture intensification are relevant drivers in land degradation (ld)processes in europe due to net loss of land, soil sealing, landscape fragmentation and other negative effects on the environment. this paper explores changes (or “trajectories” of change) in land use and cover (lulc) and their relationship with the consumption of soils in emilia-romagna (northern italy)...

A water soluble, Bronsted acid, 5-sulfosalicylic acid as an efficient organocatalyst was used for the synthesis of physiologically active 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives from o-phenylenediamine and aromatic aldehydes in ethanol at reflux condition. Cost-effectiveness, use of non-hazardous solvents, metal free and commercially available catalyst, single-step, environmentally fri...

According to the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO), beliefs regarding competency can influence whether a person's occupational role behavior is adaptive or maladaptive. Such beliefs are considered to be part of a person's sense of "personal causation." This article reviews some of the theoretical underpinnings of the personal causation construct. Issues addressed are the distinction between comp...

Thermobarometry suggests that ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) to high-pressure (HP) rocks across the Western Gneiss Region ponded at the Moho following as much as 100 km of exhumation through the mantle and before exhumation to the upper crust. Eclogite across the c. 22 000 km study area records minimum pressures of c. 8–18 kbar and temperatures of c. 650–780 C. One orthopyroxene eclogite yields an UH...

A cooperative program of seismic refraction profiling was completed in the vicinity of the Puerto Rico Trench by Hudson Laboratories, Woods Hole, Lamont, and Texas A. & M. Profiles completed near the western end of the Trench were analyzed at Hudson Laboratories. Five seismic layers are indicated below the water layer. The thickness/velocity relationships are as follows: 5.1 km of 1.5 km/sec. (...

Joint inversions are now commonly used in the earth sciences. They have been developed to better understand the structure of the earth, since they provide more constraints on the inverted parameters. We propose a new process to simultaneously invert several data sets in order to better image 3D crustal and upper mantle structures. Our inversion uses three kinds of data that present good complem...

We present three case studies of traveltime tomography applied to regional imaging of the earth's crust and upper mantle. The first case study investigates the imaging of Poisson's ratio using measurements of compressional and shear wave traveltimes. Inversions schemes that jointly fit both types of traveltime data and that selectively damp the compressional to shear wave velocity ratio are sho...

the central alborz mountains of northern iran (figure 1) is a zone of intense active continental deformation and is the most heavily populated region of iran, including the mega-city of tehran with a population of over 10 million. the region is affected by numerous active faults, some of them having great seismic potential, and documented historical seismicity. hence, the central alborz is a pr...