according to the provisions of civil proceedings code, courts procedural principles and formalities are not required to be respected in arbitration. such provisions are differently interpreted by lawyers. some lawyers believe that since arbitration is a kind of personal judgment, it should not be subject to the civil procedure and therefore arbitrators directly or with the request of the partie...

valuation is one of the main subjects in investment management which plays an important role in efficient capital allocation. valuation has become an important subject since supreme leader addressed the 44th principal of constitutional law. considering many problems which have arrised in valuation and stock pricing by privatization organization during resent years,it is essential to pay more at...

In many countries, particularly developing countries, economic reforms, especially privatization, are considered as a strategic approach. The growth of the government decreases the competition in the market, and so, some fields should be privatized in order to create the competition.  By moving towards privatization and the changes in competition methods and the presentation of the World Trade,...

We analyze the impact of privatization on multifactor productivity (MFP) using long panel data for nearly the universe of initially state-owned manufacturing firms in four economies. Controlling for firm and industry-year fixed effects and employing a wide variety of measurement approaches, we estimate that majority privatization raises MFP about 28% in Romania, 22% in Hungary, and 3% in Ukrain...

a fair hearing in the courts requires the principles of procedure. because arbitration is kind of judgment, so in the arbitration hearing the arbitrator or arbitral tribunal is not bound to observe the principles of procedural formalisms. but they oblige to compliance of principals of civil procedure. equal treatment with parties and adversarial procedure are principles that arbitrator obliged ...

This paper presents results from a controlled laboratory study of bargaining behavior and dispute rates under three types of arbitration procedures. Two of these-conventional and final-offer arbitration-are commonly used in practice, while an innovative procedure called "Combined Arbitration" (Brams and Merrill 1986) is not currently used. Combined Arbitration combines the rules of the two most...

I. INVESTMENT LAW AND ARBITRATION .......................................................................................... 5 A. The Development of Investment Law and Arbitration....................................................... 5 B. Three Impact Channels ...................................................................................................... 9 1. Investment Arbitration Clau...