Plant species that have a vernalization requirement exhibit variation in the ability to "remember" winter - i.e., variation in the stability of the vernalized state. Studies in Arabidopsis have demonstrated that molecular memory involves changes in the chromatin state and expression of the flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C, and have revealed that single-gene differences can have large effec...

Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is one of the main causes grapevine degeneration disease (GFDD) and present in almost all areas where cultivated. In this work, we ascertained presence spread GFLV different commercial vineyards four Sicilian provinces (Italy), its genetic structure molecular variability were studied. detail, a total 617 samples 11 autochthonous cultivars collected 20 vineyards. P...

In annual plants with determinate growth, sugar accumulation signals high carbon availability once growth has ceased, resulting in senescence-dependent nutrient recycling to the seeds. However, this senescence-inducing effect of sugars is abolished at cold temperature, where sugar accumulation is important for protection. Here, natural variation was exploited to analyse the effect of chilling o...

The Brassicaceae include several major crop plants and numerous important model species in comparative evolutionary research such as Arabidopsis, Brassica, Boechera, Thellungiella, and Arabis species. As any evolutionary hypothesis needs to be placed in a temporal context, reliably dated major splits within the evolution of Brassicaceae are essential. We present a comprehensive time-calibrated ...

A new insular species Cnemaspis bidongensis sp. nov. (Squamata: Gekkonidae), is described from Pulau Bidong, Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia and bears a unique suite of morphological and color pattern characters that differentiate it from all other congeners. Cnemaspis bidongensis sp. nov. is the sister species to C. kendallii (Gray) and represents the fifth insular endemic species of Cnemaspis...

The nucleotide sequence of a satellite RNA (satRNA) associated with a lilac isolate of arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) was determined from cDNA copies. The sequence was 1104 nucleotides in length excluding the poly(A) tail, contained a long open reading frame which encodes a polypeptide of 360 amino acids, with an Mr of 39K. Nucleotide sequence comparisons revealed that the ArMV-associated satRNA sh...

Genome-wide landscapes of transcription factor (TF) binding sites (BSs) diverge during evolution, conferring species-specific transcriptional patterns. The rate of divergence varies in different metazoan lineages but has not been widely studied in plants. We identified the BSs and assessed the effects on transcription of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and PERPETUAL FLOWERING 1 (PEP1), two orthologous ...

PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS S. P. Schwenzer 1 , M. A. Bullock 2 , J. C. Bridges 3 , C. L. Chavez 4 , J. Filiberto 5 , L. J. Hicks 3 , S. P. Kelley 1 , M. A. Miller 6 , J. M. Moore 4 , H. D. Smith 4 , T. D. Swindle 7 , A. H. Treiman 8 – 1 The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK; 2 Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut St., Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302 (bullock@bou...