Depending on reaction conditions, the phosphonylation of N-alkylacetamides with H3PO3-P C I3 in B-HC1 media (B = Py, Bu3N) gives either l-alkylaminoethylidene-l,l-bisphosphonic acids (la—e) or previously unknown l-alkylaminobutane-l,l,3,3-tetrayl-tetrakisphosphonic dianhydrides (2a-e). The latter convert into monocyclic forms (3a-e) under mild acidic hydrolysis. Acyclic forms (4a-e) cannot be i...

Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto.fi Author Karoliina Junka Name of the doctoral dissertation Modification of nanofibrillated cellulose in aqueous media Publisher School of Chemical Technology Unit Department of Forest Products Technology Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 30/2014 Field of research Forest Products Chemistry Manuscript subm...

Detailed kinetic investigations of the most common photoswitchable spiropyran, 6-nitro-BIPS, reveal that hydrolytic decomposition of its merocyanine isomer limits its utility in aqueous buffer; however, simple replacement of the 6-nitro substituent with an 8-carboxylate yields a BIPS photoswitch that is potentially better suited for biological applications.

BACKGROUND Filamentous bacteriophage are used as general cloning vectors as well as phage display vectors in order to study ligand-receptor interactions. Exposure to biphasic chloroform-water interface leads to specific contraction of phage, to non-infective I- or S-forms. RESULTS Upon exposure, phage were inactivated (non-infective) at methanol, ethanol and 1-propanol concentrations inversel...

A brief review of charge-transfer (CT-) thromatography is presented. Hydrophilic gels such as Sephadex exhibit weak electron acceptor and donor prOperties due to the presence of matrix hydroxyls or matrix-bound water. Stronger O-adsorbents for chromatography in aqueous solutions are obtained by introduction of electron acceptor or donor substituents. The adsorption properties of such gels are d...