there are a lot of approximation techniques for structural optimization. among them, four outstanding approximation methods have been selected for trusses optimization. these approaches have been developed or modified by previous ones. based on these schemes, a lot of trusses have been optimized by author's program. this study shows that the abilities of the mentioned methods are not the s...

This paper presents a comparison between variational iteration method (VIM) and modfied variational iteration method (MVIM) for approximate solution a system of Volterra integral equation of the first kind. We convert a system of Volterra integral equations to a system of Volterra integro-di®erential equations that use VIM and MVIM to approximate solution of this system and hence obtain an appr...

We introduce a new notion of viscosity solutions for the level set formulation of the motion by crystalline mean curvature in three dimensions. The solutions satisfy the comparison principle, stability with respect to an approximation by regularized problems, and we also show the uniqueness and existence of a level set flow for bounded crystals.

In this paper, we develop the fuzzy fixed charge transportation problem when the costs are the fuzzy numbers. The first step it transform into the classical fuzzy transportation problem. The next, we obtain the best approximation fuzzy on the optimal value of the fuzzy fixed-charge transportation problem. This method obtains a lower and upper bounds both on the fuzzy optimal value of the fuzzy ...

in this paper, a reliable approach is introduced to approximate periodic solutions of a system of coupled integrable dispersionless. the system is firstly, transformed into an ordinary differential equation by wave transformation. the solution of ode is obtained by the homotopy perturbation method. to show the periodic behavior of the solution, a modification based on the laplace transforms and...

in this paper, a numerical solution for a system of linear fredholm integro-differential equations by means of the sinc method is considered. this approximation reduces the system of integro-differential equations to an explicit system of algebraic equations. the exponential convergence rate $o(e^{-k sqrt{n}})$ of the method is proved. the analytical results are illustrated with numerical examp...

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for numerical solving an inverse non-linear diusion problem. In additional, the least-squares method is adopted tond the solution. To regularize the resultant ill-conditioned linear system ofequations, we apply the Tikhonov regularization method to obtain the stablenumerical approximation to the solution. Some numerical experiments con-rm the utility of th...

In this work, a non-integer order Airy equation involving Liouville differential operator is considered. Proposing an undetermined integral solution to the left fractional Airy differential equation, we utilize some basic fractional calculus tools to clarify the closed form. A similar suggestion to the right FADE, converts it into an equation in the Laplace domain. An illustration t...

In this article we have proposed an accurate finite difference method for approximate numerical solution of second order boundary value problem with Dirichlet boundary conditions. There are numerous numerical methods for solving these boundary value problems. Some these methods are more efficient and accurate than others with some advantages and disadvantages. The results in experiment on model...

Generalized solution on Neumann problem of the fourth order ordinary differential equation in space $W^2_alpha(0,b)$ has been discussed, we obtain the condition on B.V.P when the solution is in classical form. Formulation of Quintic Spline Function has been derived and the consistency relations are given.Numerical method,based on Quintic spline approximation has been developed. Spline solution ...