one of the major categories of the iranian constitutional revolution is modernists (motajadedin) who are referred to variously as “adaptionists”, “apologists”, “syncretists” and “revisionists”. motajadedin are devout and knowledgeable iranians whose mission is threefold: first, to define iranian identity by bringing out of the fundamentals in rational and liberal manner; second, to emphasize, a...

Almost two decades after the beginning of the Chilean and English experiments in power sector reform and privatization, many other countries have adopted or are in the process of adopting a model that promotes competition in the wholesale power market that is based partly on the pioneering efforts of those two countries. As often happens, successful pioneers become the most fervent apologists f...

The scope of this paper is the rationale and significance of the virgin birth, not the historical evidence for it. But in fact the rationale and significance are as important for the defence of the virgin birth as is the historical evidence. One of the main charges against it has been that it is theologically superfluous, dubious or even heretical. On the other hand, defenders of the virgin bir...

ABSTRACT: Under the perspective guided by Darnton (1986), this article aims to capture interpretations made Ataliba Antonio de Oliveira about new school movement. It is a teacher from São Paulo who followed and resisted closely within onslaughts attempts at pedagogical renewal in progress system. By writing more than two hundred chronicles, interpreting among other themes initiatives of Escolan...

Abstract Sacrilegious attitudes toward the Eucharistic host are one of most commonplace accusations leveled against Jews in premodern Europe. Usually treated Jewish historiography as an expression anti-Judaism or antisemitism, they considered a hallmark powerlessness and persecution. In medieval early modern Spain, however, conversos (Jewish converts to Christianity their descendants) were not ...

The German invasion of Norway and Denmark in April 1940, which is usually regarded as marking the end so-called Phoney War between Germany Allies, also led to a short-lived diplomatic stand-off United States Canada. tension stemmed primarily from misapprehensions both North American countries over what should be done about Greenland, Danish colony whose political legal status had suddenly been ...

The discipline of apologetics has always been somewhat controversial in Christian theology. In the early church, Greek-speaking apologists were often opposed for their attempts to express gospel terms Greek thought. more recent times, critiques Soren Kierkegaard and Karl Barth, that it is an attempt appeal foundations have nothing do with gospel, cast a shadow over years. This paper seeks take ...

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to diagnose consumer behavior in context sustainable development concept and answer question what extent this differentiates behavior. Design/Methodology/Approach: conducted analysis was based on authors’ original empirical research. research November 2020 a sample 1,045 adult consumers from all over Poland. study employed online survey technique. In order deter...

Introduction . The article is devoted to the study of anthropological attitudes Marcus Aurelius, formed as a result mutual influence Roman Stoicism and early Christianity. purpose this work conduct comparative analysis late Stoic Christian axiology, ethics demonstrate their relevance in modern era postmodernist value disorientation. Materials Methods material writings New Testament canonical ep...

One of the controversial issues philosophy Kant is question role postulates practical reason. Their introduction into often criticised since they are regarded as heteronomic elements, violating autonomy will. In first Critique heteronomy these foundations seems to appear more distinctly. By contrast, third point where Kant’s ethics finally reaches its maturity. Here comes a formulation superflu...