objective: knowledge about the internal anatomy of the root canal and apical foramen is a critical prerequisite for root canal therapy and is necessary for the success of endodontic treatment. this study aimed to determine the distance of apical foramen from the anatomical apex and apical constriction, evaluate the deviation of apical foramen from the anatomical apex and specify the most common...

The apical third of most root canals shows some degree of curvature, which is important in cleaning/shaping and obturation during root canal treatment. The present study evaluated the effect of master cone size on the apical seal of severely curved root canals. Thirty-eight mesial roots of human mandibular first molars were prepared using the crown-down technique. All samples were mature roots ...

AIM To investigate the morphological changes in the apical third of the root canal after preparation with three techniques. METHODOLOGY Forty molar teeth were scanned using micro-computed tomography before and after instrumentation with: Group 1 - stainless steel K-files using the balanced force technique; Group 2 - stainless steel K-files (balanced force) and then refining the apical prepara...

During development, coordinated cell shape changes alter tissue shape. In the Drosophila ventral furrow and other epithelia, apical constriction of hundreds of epithelial cells folds the tissue. Genes in the Gα12/13 pathway coordinate collective apical constriction, but the mechanism of coordination is poorly understood. Coupling live-cell imaging with a computational approach to identify contr...

many materials have been introduced for apexification each having their own advantages and disadvantages. this case report aims to present a new method of apexification using a combination of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (dbbm) and enamel matrix derivative (emd). after irrigating the canal of the maxillary right canine with 2.5 % sodium hypochlorite, a mixture of bio-oss and emd was packed...

Aim: the aim of this study was to investigate the shaping ability of thermomechanically treated files manufactured by twisting (Twisted files) and compare it to conventional rotary system (K3, Sybron Endo, Orange, CA) in S-shaped canals, including formation of ledges, zipping, elbow, outer widening, danger zone, perforation and file deformation. Materials & Methods: Forty S-Shaped canals in res...

The master apical preparation size in root canal therapy is debatable despite considerable research. The present study compared file sizes that bind at the apex before and during crown-down preparation and assessed the relation between apical size and extent of intracanal bacterial load. There were 100 single-rooted teeth biomechanically prepared after inoculation with Enterococcus faecalis. Ca...