introduction: mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) has been suggested as an effective material for apical barrier, forming an effective seal against bacterial leakage in teeth with open apices. mta needs moisture for setting; which can come from the apical region or a moist cotton pellet. this study was intended to compare bacterial leakage in one- and two-step mta apical barrier technique in open ...

introduction: controversial results have been reported when organic acids, ultrasonic instruments and laser techniques were used to remove smear layer in endodontic treatments. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of removing debris and smear layer by er,cr:ysgg laser irradiation on the apical leakage of retrograde cavities. materials and methods: in this ex vivo study, 24 extracted...

the developmental abnormality of tooth resulting from the infolding of enamel/dentin into the root is called dens invaginatus. management of such cases is usually challenging due to the morphological complexity of root canal system. this report presents a rare treatment protocol of a clinical case of oehler’s type iii dens invaginatus combined with an endodontic lesion in a vital maxillary late...

background and aims. the aim of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of kryptonite bone cement (doctors research group inc, southbury, ct, usa) in retrograde cavities by comparing with mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) (dentsply tulsa dental specialties, tulsa, ok, usa), amalgam and intermediate restorative material (irm) (dentsply caulk, milford, de, usa) using ultrasonic retrograde p...

background: plasmodium vivax is responsible for approximately 80 million malaria cases in the world. apical membrane antigen1 (ama-1) is a type i integral membrane protein present in all plasmo­dium species. ama-1 interferes in critical steps of invasion of human hepatocytes by sporo­zoites and red blood cells by merozoites and is one of the most immunodominant antigens for elicit­ing a protect...