This study attempted to evaluate the bioaerosol exposure of apartment residents at high-rise apartment buildings in a Korean city. The characteristics associated with the bioaerosol exposure included the apartment floor, seasonal variation, summer survey period (seasonal rain-front period (SRFP) or no rain-front period (NRFP)), and room location inside an apartment. Four most prevalent fungal g...

December 2000 OVERVIEW Post-tensioning is a method of reinforcing (strengthening) concrete or other materials with high-strength steel strands or bars, typically referred to as tendons. Post-tensioning applications include office and apartment buildings, parking structures, slabs-on-ground, bridges, sports stadiums, rock and soil anchors, and water-tanks. In many cases, posttensioning allows co...

Capacity spectrum procedures developed for the assessment and strengthening of existing buildings have become the basis of methods for estimating potential post-earthquake losses which are today widely used in the insurance industry, and for urban risk mitigation programmes. The areas to which these methods are applied often contain (or largely consist of) reinforced concrete apartment building...

Monitoring of completed buildings often identifies significant gaps between the predicted and actual energy use of buildings. This is referred to as the ‘energy performance gap’. To date, most research on the energy performance gap has focussed on nondomestic buildings; this paper presents a case study from the UK domestic sector. Monitoring equipment was installed in six identical flats locate...

A large eddy simulation (LES) program with the Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model has been used to study cross natural ventilation in buildings, which has experimental data available from on-site measurements and a wind tunnel. Since natural wind changes direction over time, it is hard to reproduce this effect in a conventional wind tunnel where the “wind” direction is fixed. There are discrepanci...

The association between moisture-related microbial growth (mesophilic fungi and bacteria) within insulated exterior walls and microbial concentrations in the indoor air was studied. The studied apartment buildings with precast concrete external walls were situated in a subarctic zone. Actinomycetes in the insulation layer were found to have increased concentrations in the indoor air. The moistu...