BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence suggest that the lifetime prevalence of alcohol dependence among women has increased in recent decades, but has not risen significantly for men. Early age at onset of drinking (AOD) is strongly correlated with risk for alcohol dependence and there is evidence that mean AOD has also decreased, particularly for women. The present report sought to confirm the t...

South Africa currently experiences high levels of alcohol and other drug (AOD) abuse. As a result there is a need for the initiation of regional AOD abuse prevention programmes with a specific focus on youth prevention strategies. The Medical Knowledge Institute (MKI) is a non-profit organisation which develops and facilitates health information workshops to members of disadvantaged peri-urban ...

Issues relating to training design, evaluation and transfer are relevant to the Australian alcohol and other drugs (AOD) field due to their virtual absence from the literature. Whilst the AOD field has attempted to identify the composition and roles of frontline AOD workers, efforts to identify, measure and respond to workplace factors that may enhance or inhibit the transfer of training outcom...

We have examined the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 5.1 Level 2 Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from Deep Blue algorithm and Dark Target approach over Ahmedabad, India for 2002 to 2005. Deep Blue algorithm is observed to be able to retrieve AOD over the Rann of Kuchchh, a region of high surface reflectance which poses difficulty for the Dark Target approach. Microt...

Differences in preweaning growth of calves nursing 2and 3-yr-old dams compared with contemporaries nursing older dams are accentuated in the Miles City Line 1 Hereford herd relative to age-ofdam (AOD) effects implied by preadjustment of 205-d weight in national cattle evaluation. Mixedmodel analyses of 205-d weight that fit random individual direct effects and maternal genetic and permanent env...

OBJECTIVE Young adults are increasingly interacting with their peer groups online through social networking sites. These online interactions may reinforce or escalate alcohol and other drug (AOD) use as a result of more frequent and continuous exposure to AOD promotive norms; however, the influence of young adults' virtual networks on AOD use remains untested. The purpose of this study was to e...

• If there is clinical or radiographic suspicion of AOD, CT of the craniocervical junction is recommended. The CCI determined on CT has the highest diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for AOD among all radiodiagnostic indicators in pediatric patients. The utility of CCI in adult patients has not been reported. • A lateral cervical radiograph is recommended for the diagnosis of AOD. If a radi...

We analyse the critical surface albedo (CSA) and its implications to aerosol remote sensing. CSA is defined as the surface albedo, where the reflectance at top-ofatmosphere (TOA) does not depend on aerosol optical depth (AOD). AOD retrievals are therefore inaccurate at the CSA. The CSA is obtained by derivatives of the TOA reflectance with respect to AOD using a radiative transfer code. We pres...

Hypertension accelerates the age-associated increase in aortic root diameter (AoD), likely because of chronically elevated distending pressures. However, the pulsatile component of blood pressure may have a different relationship with AoD. We sought to assess the relationship between AoD and pulse pressure (PP) while accounting for left ventricular and central arterial structural and functional...