11 Summary Despite the fact that anemia is one of the most striking clinical features of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar), the factors involved in the pathogenesis are not fully understood. The cause of anemia seen in these patients is often multifactorial including sequestration and destruction of the erythrocytes in the enlarged spleen, hemophagocytosis and alterations in erythrocyte membra...

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in certain areas of Iran, and in recent years, there has been an increase in the number of reports for rare and new forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis. We describe one unusual clinical form of cutaneous leishmaniasis. In a 27-year-old man, who noted a pimple on the upper eyelid 4 months before. The lesion was nodular and measured 1 cm × 1 cm in diameter. A diagn...

SIR—We congratulate Soto and colleagues [1] for their interesting study, because to our knowledge it is the first controlled trial assessing the effect of topical paromomycin/methylbenzethonium chloride (MBCL) in combination with meglumine antimonate as treatment of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis. This study did not show any additional therapeutic effect of the ointment in combination with p...

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a skin infection caused by various species of Leishmania parasites, which is transmitted by infected Phlebotomus sandfly bites. Pentavalent antimonials (meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate) are used for the treatment of adult CL patients as an effective and safe method. Liposomal amphotericin B is an alternative for the treatment of choice in cutaneou...

PURPOSE The present study aims to identify the risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADR) in pediatric inpatients. METHODS A prospective cohort study in one general pediatric ward in a hospital in Northeast Brazil was conducted in two stages: the first stage was conducted between August 17th and November 6th, 2015, and the second one between March 1st and August 25th, 2016. We included chi...