BACKGROUND Important progress in the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced acute and delayed emesis has been achieved but some fundamental needs still remain that requires new, efficacious antiemetic drugs. METHODS A critical review of the results of published studies of aprepitant, a new NK1 receptor antagonist, and of palonosetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with a longer half-life. RESULT...

BACKGROUND This study examined whether different ondansetron dosing schedules plus dexamethasone influenced antiemetic efficacy during multiple cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CT). Antiemetic activities between previous CT and subsequent cycles were compared. METHODS The cross-over study involved 424 patients. Arm A, three doses of 8 mg ondansetron given intravenously (IV) at 4-hourly...

CONTEXT High-dose chemotherapy poses considerable challenges to emesis management. Although prior studies suggest that acupuncture may reduce nausea and emesis, it is unclear whether such benefit comes from the nonspecific effects of attention and clinician-patient interaction. OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of electroacupuncture vs minimal needling and mock electrical stimulation or ...

background : chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting is an added distress to patients burdened by the illness. in an effort to tackle the emetogenic potential of the agents, guidelines have been proposed to maintain uniformity in prescription and improvement in patient tolerance; but their utility and practice is not consistent. the aim of this clinical audit was to assess the antiemetic.pract...

Postoperative and postdischarge nausea and vomiting (PONV and PDNV, respectively) add morbidity to perioperative outcomes. Combining some antiemetic agents of different mechanisms is more effective than using single agents, although this concept has not yet been tested extensively with aprepitant. Consecutive high-risk patients for PONV (n = 100) were given preoperative aprepitant 40 mg before ...

Dexamethasone is an effective antiemetic drug, but its mechanism of action is unclear. We designed this study to investigate the direct antiemetic action of dexamethasone in the medulla of cats. By using an oscillographic vomiting model, decerebrated cats received microinjections of dexamethasone 100 nL (1 microg, n = 7; 0.1 microg, n = 7) into the bilateral nuclei tractus solitarii, which led ...

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are among the most feared side effects of cancer treatment. With increasingly more complex chemotherapy treatments, CINV plays an important role in determining patients' quality of life, as well as when to halt potentially lifesaving therapy. Although significant progress has been made in the treatment of CINV, patients undergoing chemotherapy con...

BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a major adverse toxicity of cancer chemotherapy. Recommended treatments for prevention of CINV vary among published guidelines, and optimal care for CINV caused by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy has not been established. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of triple antiemetic therapy comprising palonosetron, dexamethason...

Nausea and emesis are a major side effect and obstacle for chemotherapy in cancer patients. Employ of antiemetic drugs help to suppress chemotherapy-induced emesis in some patients but not all patients. Ginger, an herbal medicine, has been traditionally used to treat various kinds of diseases including gastrointestinal symptoms. Ginger is effective in alleviating nausea and emesis, particularly...

BACKGROUND Despite the development of a new class of antiemetics, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) still remains a frequent and distressing complication. We compared the prophylactic antiemetic effect of administering dexamethasone 5 mg as an adjunct to ramosetron and ondansetron in patients at high-risk for PONV following lumbar spinal surgery. METHODS In this randomized, double-blin...