The growth and patterning of Drosophila wing and notum primordia depend on their subdivision into progressively smaller domains by secreted signals that emanate from localized sources termed organizers. While the mechanisms that organize the wing primordium have been studied extensively, those that organize the notum are incompletely understood. The genes odd-skipped (odd), drumstick (drm), sob...

Echocardiography was performed on 5 patients with extracardiac masses. Four patients had solid tumours and the fifth had a cystic intrapericardial haematoma. Case 1 showed dense echoes anterior to the aortic root and over the right ventricle. Thoracotomy disclosed malignant infiltration ofthe anterior heart wall. The echocardiogram of case 2 showed a dense mass behind the anterior mitral leafle...

The metameric structures in vertebrates are based on the periodicity of the somites that are formed one by one from the anterior end of the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). The timing and spacing of somitogenesis are regulated by the segmentation clock, which is characterized by the oscillation of several signaling pathways in mice. The temporal information needs to be translated into a spatial patte...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of panoramic radiograph in locating the position of lingula as an index to estimate the location of mandibular foramen. Methods: The distance measurement in this study was carried out on 30 dry mandibles, composed of at least 2 first molars and one canine. Photography and panoramic radiography of the mandible was performed...

the gross and microscopic anatomy of the molar salivary gland of the domestic cat was studied. in this research, five pair of molar glandsfrom five male adult cats were used. in cat, the molar gland was elongated rectangle shape and was located obliquely in the submucosal fossa of the inferior lip, near the oral commissure. the dorsal border of the molar gland was attached to the masseter muscl...

The mandibular foramen is a landmark for procedures like inferior alveolar nerve block, mandibular implant treatment, and mandibular osteotomies. The present study was aimed to identify the precise location of the mandibular foramen and the incidence of accessory mandibular foramen in dry adult mandibles of South Indian population. The distance of mandibular foramen from the anterior border of ...

Purpose. This study was carried out on an Iranian population aiming to investigate mental foramen position relative to inferior border of mandible and skeletal midline and its gender and age differences on CBCT projections. Materials and Methods. A number of 180 CBCT images of patients were analyzed in different planes (tangential, cross-sectional, and axial). The distances from the superior bo...

BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is the gold standard for treatment of prostrate cancer as it can cover an adequate area of tissues at risk for metastasis. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the Pelvic lymph node coverage of conventional radiotherapy fields based on bone and vessels landmarks using computed tomography (CT) simulation in patients with prostate cancer referred to Shohada-e-Tajrish hospital. PATI...

Macaque anatomy and physiology studies have revealed multiple visual areas in posterior parietal cortex (PPC). While many response properties of PPC neurons have been probed, little is known about PPC's large-scale functional topography-specifically related to visuotopic organization. Using high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T with a phase-encoded retinotopic mapping par...

The anterior two thirds of the tongue lie in the oral cavity (mobile tongue). The posterior third (base of tongue) is in the oropharynx and the junction between the two is at the insertion of the anterior faucial pillar and the line of the circumvallate papillae. Eighty-five per cent of tumours arise on the lateral border of the oral tongue, 10 to 15% on the ventral surface and 5% or less from ...