I was following Dr. Sushmita Bhatnagar's tutorials.[1,2] It is conventional, although necessary to teach as a primary need. I feel teaching anorectal malformations should include write up on issues of continence and constipations as these are lifelong problems in these patients. Teaching anatomy and physiology of continence and various techniques to manage incontinence or constipations is of pr...

purpose : longitudinal follow-up of bowel function in children with anorectal malformations (arms)) as they grow, to determine the anorectal function problems and help to resolve them somedeal. material and methods : this study included 262 patients with arm that operated in our center between 2006 until 2013.patients that definitive reconstruction was performed in another center and underwent ...

Background/Purpose: Anorectal malformations are one of the most common congenital defects. This study was undertaken to study the hospital incidence of anorectal malformations (ARM), frequency of various types of defects, their sex distribution and the spectrum of anomalies associated with ARM. The effect of presence of an associated defect on mortality and morbidity was also studied. Materials...

Correction After the publication of this work [1] it was brought to the authors attention that Figure five (Figure 1 here) contained a duplication error in the PDF format, where it featured a perianal fistula instead of a rectovestibular fistula in females. The correct figure is given below: We regret any inconvenience that this inaccuracy may have caused. Figure 1 Rectovestibular fistula in fe...

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Dear Sir The long term outcomes of anorectal malfor-mations which include fecal incontinence, constipation , etc in both boys and girls is going to be covered in the Par...