Anode – (negative electrode) This electrode donates electrons during cell discharge. Battery A device consisting of one or many electrochemical cells connected together, in which chemical energy is converted into power. These can be further categorized as primary (non-rechargeable) or secondary (rechargeable) systems. Capacity The amount of charge that a battery contains, often expressed as mAh...

Silicon and graphene are promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries because of their high theoretical capacity; however, low volumetric energy density, poor efficiency and instability in high loading electrodes limit their practical application. Here we report a large area (approximately 15 cm × 2.5 cm) self-standing anode material consisting of molecular precursor-derived silicon oxyc...

of ECT Illustrates the Roles of Current Directionality, Polarity, and Electrode Configuration in Seizure Induction Timothy Spellman, Angel V Peterchev and Sarah H Lisanby* Division of Brain Stimulation and Therapeutic Modulation, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a mainstay in the treatment o...

An electricity-generating bacterium, Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA, was inoculated into a single-chamber, air-cathode microbial fuel cell (MFC) in order to determine the maximum electron transfer rate from bacteria to the anode. To create anodic reaction-limiting conditions, where electron transfer from bacteria to the anode is the rate-limiting step, anodes with electrogenic biofilms were reduc...

Specially designed five-electrode cells contained two types of mixed ionic-electronic conductor ~MIEC! lithium-insertion anodes. These were graphite or Sn1.3Al0.3Ti1.7O1.95(PO4)3 tin composite oxide ~TCO! bonded powders sandwiched between nickel mesh current collectors as working lithium-ion anodes, with Li foils on both sides as reference electrodes, outside of which were two further Li foils,...

A 3D mechanically stable scaffold is shown to accommodate the volume change of a high-specific-capacity nickel-tin nanocomposite during operation as a Li-ion battery anode. The nickel-tin anode is supported by an electrochemically inactive conductive scaffold with an engineered free volume and controlled characteristic dimensions, which engender the electrode with significantly improved cyclabi...

A stretchable Li4 Ti5 O12 anode and a LiFePO4 cathode with 80% stretchability are prepared using a 3D interconnected porous polydimethylsiloxane sponge based on sugar cubes. 82% and 91% capacity retention for anode and cathode are achieved after 500 stretch-release cycles. Slight capacity decay of 6% in the battery using the electrode in stretched state is observed.

A helicon plasma sputtering system is used to deposit small amounts of platinum on microporous carbon support composed of Vulcan XC 72 carbon particles (known as gas diffusion layer GDL) to form Pt catalysed electrodes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). Electrodes with low Pt loading are prepared, assembled in custom-made membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) and tested for the hyd...

Power generation in microbial fuel cells implemented in constructed wetlands (CW-MFCs) is low despite the enrichment of anode electricigens most closely related to Geobacter lovleyi. Using the model representative G. lovleyi strain SZ, we show that acetate, but not formate or lactate, can be oxidized efficiently but growth is limited by the high sensitivity of the bacterium to oxygen. Acetate a...

in this study, a sodalite nanozeolite was synthesized and characterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd) and scanning electronic microscopy (sem). following the morphology evolution of the sodalite nanozeolite in the sem images illustrates the formation of the spherical particle with a size between 60 and 80 nm. then, carbon paste electrode (cpe) was modified by sodalite nanozeolite and ni2+ ions. th...