Cholera is a devastating diarrhoeal disease caused by certain strains of serogroup O1/O139 Vibrio cholerae. Mobile genetic elements such as genomic islands (GIs) have been pivotal in the evolution of O1/O139 V. cholerae. Perhaps the most important GI involved in cholera disease is the V. cholerae pathogenicity island 1 (VPI-1). This GI contains the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) gene cluster tha...

Clients of ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) networks communicate by creating connections to one another, then exchanging data over these connections [1] [2] [4] [6] [7] [10]. The ATM standard provides for two types of connections: Virtual Path (VP) and Virtual Channel (VC). With a VP connection, clients set the VP identifier (VPI) field of the ATM header (Figure 1) when sending cells. The netwo...

The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two manual toothbrushes (conventional and orthodontic). The following clinical parameters were used: VPI (visible plaque index) and GBI (gingival bleeding index). Patients, 64 total (30 males and 34 females), in the permanent dentition, with a mean age of 17.8 years, were randomly selected from a practice specializing in orthodonti...

We report an attempt to generate and characterize a triplet carbene, bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)carbene ((3)1), in zeolites Y and L and in a molecular sieve VPI-5 in which a possible dimerization and reaction with the precursor of carbene are significantly retarded, thus making the triplet carbene longer lived than in solution at room temperature. The adsorption of a corresponding diazomethane (...

OBJECTIVE Test the Velopharyngeal Insufficiency (VPI) Effects on Life Outcomes (VELO) instrument for validity, reliability, and responsiveness. STUDY DESIGN Observational cohort. SETTING Academic tertiary medical center. SUBJECTS Children with VPI (n = 59) and their parents (n = 84) were prospectively enrolled from a pediatric VPI clinic. METHODS Pediatric speech language pathologists d...

In 1971, Micheal Hogan introduced the Lateral Port Control Pharyngeal Flap (LPCPF) which obtained good results with elimination of VPI. However, there was a high incidence of hyponasality and OSA. We hypothesized that preoperative assessment with videofluoroscopy and nasal endoscopy would enable modification and customization of the LPCPF and result in improvement in the result in both hyponasa...

INTRODUCTION Surgical treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is often warranted. In this patient population, VPI is characterized by poor palatal elevation and muscular hypotonia with an intact palate. We hypothesize that 22q11.2 deletion patients are at greater risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after surgical correction of VPI, due, in part, to their f...

NN and πN partial wave radial potentials have been generated using the latest SM94–VPI(NN) and FA93–VPI(πN) phase shifts. The potentials are used to determine the deuteron properties and to compute the H and He binding energies. The ε1 mixing angles of SM94–VPI and NY93–Nijmegen differ significantly and inversion potentials yield a Pd of 6.37% and 5.78%, respectively. Under–binding of H and He ...

Vibrio cholerae 2012EL-1759 is an environmental isolate from Haiti that was recovered in 2012 during a cholera outbreak. The genomic backbone is similar to that of the prototypical V. cholerae O1 classical biotype strain O395, and it carries the Vibrio pathogenicity islands (VPI-1 and VPI-2) and a cholera toxin (CTX) prephage.