1.1 Hypercube and Hamming distance Definition 1.1 The set of points Hd = {0, 1} is the d-dimensional hypercube. A point p = (p1, . . . , pd) ∈ Hd can be interpreted, naturally, as a binary string p1p2 . . . pd. The Hamming distance dH(p, q) between p, q ∈ Hd, is the number of coordinates where p and q disagree. It is easy to verify that the Hamming distance comply with the triangle inequality, ...

In this paper, we present new concepts of Ann-categories, Ann-functors, and a transmission of the structure of categories based on Ann-equivalences. We build Ann-category End(A) of Pic-funtors F : A −→ A′ and prove that each Ann-category can be faithfully embedded into an almost strictly Ann-category.

Count data obtained in developmental toxicity-teratogenicity studies, such as the number of fetal deaths or the number of malformed fetuses per litter, are routinely analyzed by univariate statistical methods. Such methods ignore the dependence among the different outcomes that are measured in the study. Tests of significance based upon the individual outcomes may lead to incorrect conclusions ...

The standfirst of the feature “Shining new light on the brain” (Curr. Biol. (2011), 21, R831–R833) stated that optogenetic control of neurons has only been around for six years. It has now come to our attention that the fundamental concept of targeting sensitivity to light to specific neurons, so that their electrical activity could be controlled optically, was established several years before ...

To reduce latency and increase bandwidth to memory, modern microprocessors are designed with deep memory hierarchies including several levels of caches. For such microprocessors, the service time for fetching data from off-chip memory is about two orders of magnitude longer than fetching data from the level-one cache. Consequently, the performance of applications is largely determined by how we...

This paper presents the structure conversion by which from an Ann-category A, we can obtain its reduced Ann-category of the type (R,M) whose structure is a family of five functions k = (ξ, η, α, λ, ρ). Then we will show that each Ann-category is determined by three invariants: 1. The ring Π0(A) of the isomorphic classes of objects of A, 2. Π0(A)-bimodule Π1(A) = AutA(0), 3. The element k̄ ∈ H M ...

The purpose of this paper is to explore the ability to continually change and obtain new understanding of driving power of Expert Approach. Expert systems are able to advantageously replace human experts in various application areas with the involvement of ANN and Fuzzy Logic. Finally this hybrid system is formed to gain the outstanding performance from a expert system. The basic concept of ANN...

My original paper suggested that an ethics ofcare which failed to specify how, and about what, to care would be devoid of normative and descriptive content. Bradshaw's approach provides such a specification and is, therefore, not devoid ofsuch content. However, as all ethical approaches suggest something about the 'what' and 'how' of care, they are all 'ethics of care' in this broader sense. Th...