The Hydrogen evolution reaction has been quantitatively investigated at a Pt electrode in series of room temperature ionic liquids vs. Ag/Ag(+) redox couple. The measured formal potentials of the H(2)/H(+) (HNTf(2)) redox couple in each RTIL reveals a dependence on the nature of anion, suggesting significant interaction between proton and anion.

Introduction: Patients with DKA generally present a high anion gap metabolic acidosis (AG > 16) due to the presence of ketones but may also develop narrow related hyperchloremia. This study attempts determine incidence hyperchloremic (before starting IV fluids) in children and evaluate impact on acute kidney injury cerebral edema inturn mortality duration PICU stay. Methods: was prospective ...

The plasma anion gap is a frequently used parameter in the clinical diagnosis of a variety of conditions. The commonest application of the anion gap is to classify cases of metabolic acidosis into those that do and those that do not leave unmeasured anions in the plasma. While this algorithm is useful in streamlining the diagnostic process, it should not be used solely in this fashion. The anio...

PURPOSE To determine the influence of physicochemical parameters on survival in metabolic acidosis (MA) and acute kidney injury (AKI) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-eight MA patients were collected and assigned to AKI or non-AKI group. We analyzed the physiochemical parameters on survival at 24 h, 72 h, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after AKI. RESULTS Mortality rate was higher in t...

In children, the most common cause of an elevated anion gap (AG) with ketonemia, ketonuria, hyperglycemia, and glycosuria is diabetic ketoacidosis. However, when the clinical history is not clear, other causes must be considered. A 9-month-old girl was transferred to our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) because of severe metabolic acidosis. On admission, she presented with Kussmaul breathin...

To the Editor: We wish to comment on reference intervals for the serum anion gap and osmolality. The serum anion gap, which is most commonly defined as AG 5 Na-Cl-TCO2, traditionally has had a reference interval of 8 –16 mmol/L with a mean value (i.e., mean of values used to determine its reference interval) of 12 mmol/L (1, 2). In a recent report (3), the stated reference interval for the anio...

diabetic ketoacidosis (dka) is characterized by excessive production of organic acids leading to a low blood ph. rarely, because of other complicating factors blood ph may be in the alkalemic range and the term diabetic ketoalkalosis has been coined to describe this condition. so far, less than 30 such cases have been reported in the literature. we report a 34-year-old woman who received methyl...

The serum anion gap has been utilized to identify errors in the measurement of electrolytes, to detect paraproteins, and, most relevant to the nephrologist, to evaluate patients with suspected acid-base disorders. In regard to the latter purpose, traditionally an increased anion gap is identified when it exceeds the upper limit of normal for a particular clinical laboratory measurement. However...

OBJECTIVES In 1981, Peter A. Stewart published a paper describing his concept for employing Strong Ion Difference. In this study we compared the HCO3 levels and Anion Gap (AG) calculated using the classic method and the Stewart method. METHODS Four hundred nine (409) arterial blood gases of 90 patients were collected retrospectively. Some were obtained from the same patients in different time...