background: musculoskeletal pain is a major clinical problem, but researchers lack viable animal models to study this phenomenon. however, formalin injections are widely used to produce tonic and neurogenic nociceptive responses in rodents. rodents can present a potential animal model for pain. objectives: to develop a muscle pain model with intramuscular injection of formalin in rats. material...

Background: Musculoskeletal pain is a major clinical problem, but researchers lack viable animal models to study this phenomenon. However, formalin injections are widely used to produce tonic and neurogenic nociceptive responses in rodents. Rodents can present a potential animal model for pain. Objectives: To develop a muscle pain model with intramuscular injection of formalin in rats. Ma...

Acupuncture is generally accepted as a safe and harmless treatment option for alleviating pain. To explore the pain mechanism, numerous animal models have been developed to simulate specific human pain conditions, including cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP). In this study, we analyzed the current research methodology of acupuncture for the treatment of CIBP. We electronically searched the PubMed ...

The last decade has seen continued progress in both the recognition and management of animal pain. This upsurge in the use of analgesics in animals is welcome, but the main areas of use continue to be the control of postoperative or post-trauma pain, and the management of musculoskeletal pain, in companion animals and horses. The management of pain associated with other conditions, such as soft...

Gossypin is a bioflavonoid isolated from Hibiscus Vitifolus Linn. The antinociception activity of gossypin has been studied in comparison with the standard antinociception agent, morphine, against the experimental model of tonic continuous pain produced by formalin. Formalin (0.1ml of 1% solution) was injected under the plantar surface of right hind paw of mice and the time an animal spent in l...