Finding motifs that can elucidate rules that govern peptide binding to medically important receptors is important for screening targets for drugs and vaccines. This paper focuses on elucidation of peptide binding to I-A molecule of the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse an animal model for insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). A number of proposed motifs that describe peptide binding to I-A ha...

This overview of Sasanian stuccoes includes sites divided chronologically – without losing sight the regional premises. The iconographic repertoire found in hitherto had been then catalogued ornamental, plant, figural, animal, and monograms. Noteworthy is paragraph on transmission architectural decorations. Although just a few motifs influenced Byzantine decorative language, several were transm...

Bunt [Revolt] (1924) by Władysław Stanisław Reymont and Animal Farm (1946) George Orwell display many parallels, probably stemming from the common provenance of two works, which can be traced to work Skotskoy bunt [Skotskoj rebellion] (1879) Ukrainian writer Nikolai Kostomarov. The works deploy allegory in construction dystopian worlds inhabited animals that rebel against humans. They share a n...

Pathogens of plants and animals produce effector proteins that are transferred into the cytoplasm of host cells to suppress host defenses. One type of plant pathogens, oomycetes, produces effector proteins with N-terminal RXLR and dEER motifs that enable entry into host cells. We show here that effectors of another pathogen type, fungi, contain functional variants of the RXLR motif, and that th...

The lion-bull iconography during the Achaemenian period of ancient Persia has generated different theories of astronomicaland seasonal events besides the suggestions that it could be the symbol of the time cycle of the day, with lion representingthe sun and bull the night. However, the present paper draws the reader’s attention to the hitherto unexplored angle ofzoology to understand physiognom...

Currently, there are a number of motif detection tools available that possess unique functionality. These tools often report different motifs, and therefore use of multiple tools is generally advised since common motifs reported by multiple tools are more likely to be biologically significant. However, results produced by these different tools need to be compared and existing similarity detecti...

M.C. Escher is noted for his repeating patterns, usually with animal motifs. For a few motifs he created more than one pattern with different combinatorial characteristics, even in different geometries, leading to the concept of families of patterns with the same motif but different combinatorics. Hyperbolic geometry is useful in that it provides an infinite number of combinatorial possibilitie...

Noncanonical RNA motifs help define the vast complexity of RNA structure and function, and in many cases, these loops and junctions are on the order of only ten nucleotides in size. Unfortunately, despite their small size, there is no reliable method to determine the ensemble of lowest energy structures of junctions and loops at atomic accuracy. This chapter outlines straightforward protocols u...

Viroids are noncoding RNAs that infect plants. In order to establish systemic infection, these RNAs must traffic from an initially infected host cell into neighboring cells and ultimately throughout a whole plant. Recent studies have identified structural motifs in a viroid that are required for trafficking, enabling further studies on the mechanisms of their function. Some cellular proteins in...