Introduction There are major differences in the anatomy and physiology of the ophthalmic system of various animal species when compared to man. These differences reflect the differences in living conditions, behavioral characteristics, environmental diversity and diets of the various animals. The pig has both similarities and differences from humans and this manuscript will describe the anatomy...

F. Gil, DVM, PhD, R. Latorre, DVM, PhD, Department of Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, M. A. Carrión, DVM, C. Aguirre, DVM, I. Ruíz, DVM, I. Ayala, DVM, PhD, Large Animal Medicine and Surgery Service, Clinical Veterinary Hospital, University of Murcia, Spain M. Alemán, DVM, PhD, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA M. A. Rivero, DVM, PhD, Department...

Since the beginning of modern plastic surgery discipline, facial aging has been a significant interest to plastic surgeons. One turning point for aesthetic surgery was the recognition that facial aging is more than skin deep and that any attempts at facial rejuvenation must address the subcutaneous connective tissue (i.e., fat, fascia, and muscle) [1-3]. Having been exposed to Tord Skoog’s pres...

An understanding of the patterns of animal contact networks provides essential information for the design of risk-based animal disease surveillance and control strategies. This study characterises pig movements throughout England and Wales between 2009 and 2013 with a view to characterising spatial and temporal patterns, network topology and trade communities. Data were extracted from the Anima...

Acharya Susruta provided several aspects associated with human anatomy at the side of application dissection system. The historical Indian device emphasizes structural employer frame. Vedas and described that how body originated from Panchamahabhutas relation among principles Trigunas physiology similarly improvement embryo fitness fetus correlated satisfactory Shukra wholesome progeny addition...

In periodontal research, animal studies are complementary to in vitro experiments prior testing new treatments. Animal models should make possible the validation of hypotheses and prove safety efficacy regenerating approaches using biomaterials, growth factors or stem cells. Rats, hamsters, rabbits, ferrets, dogs, primates just a few many kinds animals that have been utilised as for human illne...

Orofacial pain in patients relies on the anatomical pathways that conduct nociceptive information, originating from the periphery towards the trigeminal sensory nucleus complex (TSNC) and finally, to the thalami and the somatosensorical cortical regions. The anatomy and function of the so-called trigeminothalamic tracts have been investigated before. In these animal-based studies from the previ...