The use of the welding process on an industrial scale has become significant over years and is currently among main processes for joining metallic materials. Along weld, structural changes occur in vicinity joint. These thermal stresses geometric distortions are mostly undesirable complex to predict with precision. Using S235JR steel as base material, laboratory experiments were carried out usi...

We consider target classification and detection based on backscattered observations measured from a sequence of targetsensor orientations. The multi-aspect scattered waves from a given target are modeled with a hidden Markov model (HMM). The targets are assumed concealed and the absolute target-sensor orientation is assumed unknown; therefore, it is only possible to control the angular displace...

Subjects imagined a designated two-dimensional shape rotating within a blank, circular field at a self-determined rate. At some point during the mental rotation, a test shape was presented at one of 12 picture-plane orientations, and the subject was required to determine as rapidly as possible whether the test shape was the same as the originally designated shape or was its mirror image. When t...

Selective semicircular canal inactivation and three-dimensional eye movement recordings have been used to investigate the spatial organization of vestibular signals in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) of rhesus monkeys. In animals with one pair of semicircular canals inactivated, afferent activity no longer codes all spatial components of head angular velocity. if it were the activation patter...

Two experiments are reported in which Ss were required to determine whether a random, angular form, presented at any of a number of picture-plane orientations, was a “standard” or “reflected” version. Average time required to make this determination increased linearly with the angular departure of the form from a previously learned orientation. The slope and intercept of the reaction-time (RT) ...

Introduction: High angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) is a powerful extension of MRI that maps the directional diffusion of water in the brain. With more diffusion gradients and directions, fiber directions may be tracked with greater angular precision, fiber crossings can be resolved, and anisotropy measures can be derived from the full fiber orientation density function. To better r...

It is well known that the output of Fourier Transform in general is orientation dependent. As such, by applying a two-dimensional (2D) discrete Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) onto an image with oriented pattern, the output image will show a clustering around a specific orientation. By strengthening the points located in the cluster and suppressing the points outside of this cluster, the oriented ...

The prospects for producing orientation of the 1s level in highly charged ions using tilted foils is discussed. We analyse the transfer of orientation from the initial orbital angular momentum of an ion emerging from a foil to the ground-state spin via a combination of the spin–orbit interaction and cascade decays. An enhancement of the orientation can be obtained using a multi-tilted-foil tech...

A new crossing detector is presented which also permits orientation estimation of the underlying structures. The method relies on well established tools such as the structure tensor, the double angle mapping and descriptors for second order variations. The performance of our joint crossing detector and multi-orientation estimator is relatively independent of the angular separation of the underl...

Flying insects keep their visual system horizontally aligned, suggesting that gaze stabilization is a crucial first step in flight control. Unlike flies, hymenopteran insects such as bees and wasps do not have halteres that provide fast, feed-forward angular rate information to stabilize head orientation in the presence of body rotations. We tested whether hymenopteran insects use inertial (mec...