The emergency physician has a variety of options for providing effective pain relief. A solid understanding of the local anesthetic agents and regional anesthetic techniques is an essential component of every emergency physician's analgesia armamentarium.

Anesthesia is a broad discipline; for orthopaedic applications, the type and location of the planned orthopaedic procedure is important in the selection of the most appropriate anesthetic agent and technique. The purpose of this overview is to: 1. highlight the role of several anesthetic agents commonly used in an orthopaedic setting and 2. to familiarize the orthopaedist with those techniques ...

BACKGROUND Local anesthetic injection is often cited in literature as the most painful part of minor procedures. It is also very possible for all doctors to get better at giving local anesthesia with less pain for patients. The purpose of this article is to illustrate and simplify how to inject local anesthesia in an almost pain-free manner. METHODS The information was obtained from reviewing...

OBJECTIVE To compare a computerized intraosseous anesthesia system with the conventional oral anesthesia techniques, and analyze the latency and duration of the anesthetic effect and patient preference. DESIGN A simple-blind prospective study was made between March 2007 and May 2008. Each patient was subjected to two anesthetic techniques: conventional and intraosseous using the Quicksleeper®...

conclusions anesthetic management for ire of soft tissue deviates from standard anesthetic medical therapy in regards to depth of neuromuscular blockade and analgesic management during ire energy delivery. however, minor modifications in anesthesia management allow for a safe and efficient patient procedure. results during ire delivery, a deeper neuromuscular blockade is required to ensure that...

INTRAOPERATIVE monitoring of the electroencephalcgram (EEG) is commonly used for detection of cerebral ischemia during carotid endarterectomy. Although realtime interpretation of analog EEG recordings may be considered the “gold standard” for ischemia detection, various signal-processing techniques have been used to ease the interpretation of intraoperative EEG. Several reviews of various EEGpr...