Abstract: A tidal bore is a positive surge taking place during the flood tide under macro-tidal conditions and the bore represents the leading edge of the tidal wave propagating upstream. The fundamentals of tidal bores remain unknown, although some physical experiments were performed during the last two decades. In this study, some physical modelling was performed to investigate the tidal bore...

In this study constructed wetlands (CWs) were used to remove three heavy metals (Zn, Cu and Pb). The two tested substrates were made of coke and gravel, respectively. First order dynamic model was appropriate to describe removing of Zn and Cu. The experimental results showed that first dynamic removal rate constants of Zn in CWs with coke and gravel were 0.2326 h and 0.1222 h, respectively. And...

Local strain measurements opposite gravel contacts and around a single isolated perforation are reported for a high-density-polyethylene pipe (320 mm outside diameter, 32 mm thick) typical of that commonly used as part of the leachate collection system in municipal solid waste landfills. Emphasis is given to examining the localized effect of coarse gravel contacts on pipe strain and the strain ...

Deposits of open-framework gravel occurring in gravelly streambeds can exert a significant influence on hyporheic flow. The influence was quantified using a numerical model of the hyporheic zone. The model included open-framework gravel stratasets represented with commonly observed characteristics including a volume fraction of about one-third of the streambed sediment, a hydraulic conductivity...

Field investigations at Dugway Proving Ground in western Utah have produced new data on the chronology and human occupation of late Pleistocene and early Holocene lakes, rivers, and wetlands in the Lake Bonneville basin. We have classified paleo-river channels of these ages as “gravel channels” and “sand channels.” Gravel channels are straight to curved, digitate, and have abrupt bulbous ends. ...

How the captive environment influences the behavior of animals is relevant to the well-being of captive animals. Captivity diverges from the natural environment in many ways, and one goal of enrichment practices is to encourage species-typical behavior in these unnatural environments. This study investigated the influence of grass vs. gravel substrate on activity budgets and degree of hair loss...

Natural gravel bed channels commonly contain a fine mode of sand and fine gravel that fills voids of the bed framework of coarser gravel. If the supply of fine bed material exceeds the storage capacity of framework voids, excess fine material forms surficial patches, which can be voluminous in pools during low flow. Data collected in 34 natural channels in northern California and southern Orego...

10 Domestic wells in North America and elsewhere are typically constructed at relatively shallow 11 depths and with the sand or gravel pack extending far above the intake screen of the well (shallow 12 well seal). The source areas of these domestic wells and the effect of an extended gravel pack on the 13 source area are typically unknown and few resources exist for estimating these. In this pa...